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High-energy milling as a method for obtaining tetragonal form of PbO

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Purpose: The aim of this work was to verify the usefulness of high-energy milling, using electromagnetic mill, as a method for obtaining tetragonal (red) form of PbO, alternative to standard methods. Design/methodology/approach: Experiments were held to compare samples of the yellow form of PbO after milling in electromagnetic mill with the ones milled in high-energy planetary ball mill as a function of grinding medium (sticks or balls) to powder mass ratio, milling duration and instrumental conditions. Findings: Quantitative X-ray diffraction and analysis of granulation of mill products were applied. The characteristics of structural transitions of studied powder depending on milling conditions were defined. Practical implications: Utilization of electromagnetic mills was found to be suitable for milling of PbO. The speed and unit price of this process assure competitiveness of the method to standard methods. Tested method of high-energy milling assures possibility to supply, in certain conditions, good product. Obtained product may be used for manufacturing of minium. Originality/value: Optimum conditions of milling process and milling limitations were determined. Suggestions regarding optimization of mill construction were presented.
Rocznik
Strony
39--46
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  • Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
  • Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, ul. Armii Krajowej 17, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
autor
  • Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
  • Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
  • Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] W.B. Pearson, A handbook of lattice spacings and structures of metals and alloys, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1958.
  • [2] H.E. Brown, Lead oxide: properties and applications, International Lead Zinc Research Organization, New York, 1985.
  • [3] R. Nowosielski, L.A. Dobrzański, S. Griner, J. Konieczny, Structure and magnetic properties of powders soft magnetic nanocrystalline materials obtained on combine thermal nanocrystallization and high-energy ball milling, process, Proceedings of the 11th International Scientific Conference “Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering” AMME’2002, Gliwice-Zakopane, 2002, 369-372.
  • [4] P. Gramatyka, A. Kolano-Burian, R. Kolano, M. Polak, Nanocrystalline iron based powder cores for high frequency applications, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 18 (2006) 99-102.
  • [5] J. Konieczny, L.A. Dobrzański, A. Przybył, J.J. Wysłocki, Structure and magnetic properties of powder soft magnetic materials, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007) 139-142.
  • [6] R. Nowosielski, L.A. Dobrzański, J. Konieczny, Influence of temperature on structure and magnetic properties of powders alloys, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007) 163-166.
  • [7] R. Nowosielski, R. Babilas, G. Dercz, L. Pająk, Microstructure investigations of Co-Si-B alloy after milling and annealing, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 23/1 (2007) 59-62.
  • [8] M. Adamiak, Mechanical alloying for fabrication of aluminium matrix composite powders with Ti-Al intermetallics reinforcement, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 31/2 (2008) 191-196.
  • [9] M. Staszewski, A. Sierczyńska, M. Kamińska, M. Osadnik, M. Czepelak and P. Swoboda, Hydrogen storage alloys prepared by high-energy milling, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 44/ 2 (2011) 154-160.
  • [10] R. Sosiński, PhD thesis, Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa, 2006 (in Polish).
  • [11] D.D. Logvinienko, The intensification of technological processes in apparatus with a vortex layer, Izdatel'stvo Technika, Kiev, 1975 (in Russian).
  • [12] F. Bińczyk, W. Polechoński, S.J. Skrzypek, J. Piątkowski, An application of high energy mill for milling and mechanical alloying of powder materials, Materials Engineering 20/ 3-4 (1999) 180-185 (in Polish).
  • [13] R. Sosiński, W. Nowak, P. Rolicz, A. Szczypiorowski, Electromagnetic mill, Polish Patent Application No. P 382610, Polish Patent Office, 2007 (in Polish).
  • [14] R. Sosiński, A. Szczypiorowski, P. Szymanek, W. Nowak, Aspects of electromagnetic mill application in development of carbon energy technologies, Proceedings of the 24th International Pittsburg Coal Conference, Pittsburg, 2007.
  • [15] R. Sosiński, W. Nowak, A. Szczypiorowski, R. Walkowiak, Method of drying and grinding finishing up of materials, especially of brown and hard coal and equipment for drying and grinding finishing up of materials, especially of brown and hard coal, Polish Patent Application No. P 385827, Polish Patent Office, 2007 (in Polish).
  • [16] R. Sosiński, W. Nowak, J. Szymańska, The application problems of electromagnetic grinding mill in high-efficient ash utilization process, Proceedings of the 1th International Conference "EuroCoalAsh", Warsaw, 2008.
  • [17] M. Ćwiąkała, B. Kmiotek, Method for producing hydraulic binding agent in a form of activated fly ash, activated fly ash, hydraulic binding agent, sulphur or cement concrete, mineral-asphalt mixture and application of the activated fly ash, European Patent Application No. EP 08173125.9, European Patent Office, 2008.
  • [18] M. Ćwiąkała, J. Szymańska, R. Sosiński, W. Nowak, Brown Coal Fly-Ash from Electric Power Station "Pątnów" Activation in Electromagnetic Mill, Engineering and Protection of Environment 11/ 4 (2008) 491-502.
  • [19] B. Kmiotek, Method for preparation of cement and hydraulic binding agent by electromagnetic milling, as well as the cement, and the hydraulic binding agent produced, European Patent Application No. EP 2128107 A2, European Patent Office, 2009.
  • [20] Powder diffraction file, JCPDS International Centre for Diffraction Data, Park Lane, USA, 2007.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-a9e46700-c4a2-4480-98ae-a82d9de8c527
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