Effect of air pollution on visibility in urban conditions. Warsaw case study

• Autorzy: Majewski G. , Czechowski P O , Badyda A. , Brandyk A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5277/epe140204

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The influence of air pollutants on visibility in Warsaw Agglomeration has been investigated. Following pollutants were considered: PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3, while meteorological parameters included: air temperatures (mean, minimum, maximum), solar radiation, relative air humidity, rainfall rates and wind speed. Initial analyses were performed with the use of principal component analysis (PCA). In next stages, the logistic regression (LR), the analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way classification and a model path of generalized regression models (GRM) were applied. PCA analysis showed that in the cold season the visibility index depends on PM10, SO2, NO2 and the temperatures: T, Tmin, and Tmax. In the warm season, the index of visibility is mostly shaped by four elements: O3, T, Tmax and solar radiation. Logistic regression model indicated that in the warm season only two variables are significantly related to visibility: PM10 and relative humidity of air. Regularities in the cold season shown by the LR correspond with the conclusions from the PCA. Among meteorological conditions, the most important is air temperature, but only Tmax preserves the same direction of influence as the one pointed by the PCA model.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

visibility; air pollution; pollutants; mathematical models; nitrogen oxides; sulfur dioxide; urban conditions; urban air pollution; urban atmosphere; particle matter (PM)

PL

przejrzystość powietrza; zanieczyszczenie powietrza; modele matematyczne; tlenki azotu; zanieczyszczenia; dwutlenek siarki; warunki miejskie; pyły zawieszone

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Environment Protection Engineering
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 40, nr 2
• Strony: 47--64
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 31 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Majewski G.

• Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Division of Meteorology and Climatology, 02-776 Warsaw, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, Poland

autor

Czechowski P O

• Gdynia Maritime University, Information Systems Department, 81-225 Gdynia, ul. Morska 83, Poland

autor

Badyda A.

• Warsaw University of Technology, Environmental Engineering Faculty, 00-653 Warszawa, ul. Nowowiejska 20, Poland

autor

Brandyk A.

• Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Division of Meteorology and Climatology, 02-776 Warsaw, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] DZUBAY T.G., STEVENS R.K., LEWIS C.W., Visibility and aerosol composition in Houston, Texas, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1982, 16, 514.
• [2] TSAI Y.I., Urban visibility and airborne PM10 aerosol in southern Taiwan, J. Aerosol Sci., 2002, 31, 895.
• [3] CHEUNG H.C., WANG T., BAUMANN K., GUO H., Influence of regional pollution outflow on the concentrations of fine particulate matter and visibility in the coastal area of southern China, Atmos. Environ., 2005, 39, 4779.
• [4] KIM Y.J., KIM K.W., KIM S.D. LEE B.K. HAN J.S., Fine particulate matter characteristics and its impact on visibility impairment at two urban sites in Korea: Seoul and Incheon, Atmos. Environ., 2006, 40, 593.
• [5] YUAN C.S., LEE C.G., LIU S.H., CHANG J.C., YUAN C., YANG H.Y., Correlation of atmospheric visibility with chemical composition of Kaohsiung aerosols, Atmos. Res., 2006, 82, 663.
• [6] ELIAS T., HAEFFELIN M., DROBINSKI P., GOMES L., RANGOGNIO J., BERGOT T., CHAZETTE P., RAUT J.- C., COLOMB M., Particulate contribution to extinction of visible radiation: pollution, haze, and fog, Atmos. Res., 2009, 92, 443.
• [7] MALM W.C., PITCHFORD M.L., Comparison of calculated sulfate scattering efficiencies as estimated from size-resolved particle measurements at three national locations, Atmos. Environ., 1997, 31 (9), 1315.
• [8] YANG L., ZHOU X., WANG Z., ZHOU Y., CHENG S., XU P., GAO X., NIE W., WANG X., WANG W., Airborne fine particulate pollution in Jinan, China. Concentrations, chemical compositions and influence on visibility impairment, Atmos. Environ., 2012, 55, 506.
• [9] APPEL B.R., TOKIWA Y., HSU J., KOTHNY E.I., HAHN E., Visibility as related to atmospheric aerosol constituents, Atmos. Environ., 1985, 19, 1525.
• [10] CHAN Y.C., SIMPSON R.W., MCTAINSH G.H., VOWLES P.D., COHEN D.D., BAILEY G.M., Source apportionment of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols in Brisbane Australia by receptor modeling, Atmos. Environ., 1999, 33 (19), 3251.
• [11] LATHA K.M., BADARINATH K.V.S., Black carbon aerosols over tropical urban environment. A case study, Atmos. Res. 2003, 69, 125.
• [12] TANG I.N., WONG W.T, MUNKELWITZ H.R., The relative importance of atmospheric sulfate and nitrates in visibility reduction, Atmos. Environ., 1981, 15, 2463.
• [13] TSAI Y.I., CHENG M.T., Visibility and aerosol chemical compositions near the coastal area in central Taiwan, Sci. Total Environ., 1999, 231, 37.
• [14] STULL R.B., Meteorology for Scientists and Engineers, Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, USA, 2000.
• [15] MAJEWSKI G., KLENIEWSKA M., BRANDYK A., Seasonal variation of particulate matter mass concentration and content of metals, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 2011, 20 (2), 417.
• [16] BADYDA A., DĄBROWIECKI P., LUBIŃSKI W., CZECHOWSKI P.O., MAJEWSKI G., Exposure to trafficrelated air pollutants as a risk of airway obstruction, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2013, 755, 35.
• [17] POPEK R., GAWROŃSKA H., WROCHNA M., GAWROŃSKI S.W., SÆBØ A., Particulate matter on foliage of 13 woody species: deposition on surfaces and phytostabilisation in waxes. A 3-year study, Int. J. Phytorem., 2013, 15, 3.
• [18] STANISZ A., Simple statistics course with the use of Statistica PL software. Examples from medicine, StatSoft Polska, Cracow 2007 (in Polish).
• [19] LAROSE D.T., Methods and models for data exploration, PWN, Warsaw 2012 (in Polish).
• [20] BALICKI A., Multidimensional statistical analysis and its application to socio-economical problems, Gdansk University Press, 2009 (in Polish).
• [21] KLEINBAUM D.G., KUPPER L.L., NIZAM A., MULLER K.E., Applied regression analysis and other multivariable, Duxbury Press, Belmont 1998.
• [22] ROZBICKA K., ROZBICKI T., MAJEWSKI G., Variability of tropospheric ozone concentration in the southern part of Warsaw Agglomeration, Air Protection in Theory and Practice, 2010, 2, 293 (in Polish).
• [23] KLENIEWSKA M., Relationship between meteorological elements and Upshur dioxide concentration in Warsaw Agglomeration area, PhD thesis, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 2005 (in Polish).
• [24] MAJEWSKI G., PRZEWOŹNICZUK W., Study of particulate matter pollution in Warsaw area, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 2009, 18 (2), 293.
• [25] CZECHOWSKI P.O., Forecasting system of high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere (for example Gdansk Agglomeration), PhD thesis, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 2004 (in Polish).
• [26] WEN C.C., YEH H.H., Comparative influences of airborne pollutants and meteorological parameters on atmospheric visibility and turbidity, Atmos. Res., 2010, 96, 496. 64 G. MAJEWSKI et al.
• [27] YING I., Atmospheric visibility trends in an urban area in Taiwan 1961–2003, Atmos. Environ., 2005, 39, 5555.
• [28] BAIK N.-J., KIM Y.P., MOON K.C., Visibility study in Seoul, 1993, Atmos. Environ., 1996, 30, 2319.
• [29] CHEN M.-L., MAO I.-F., LIN I.-K., The PM2.5 and PM10 particles in urban areas of Taiwan, Sci. Total Environ., 1999, 226, 227.
• [30] LAI L.Y., SEQUEIRA R., Visibility degradation across Hong Kong: its components and their relative contributions, Atmos. Environ., 2001, 35, 5861.
• [31] MAJEWSKI G., CZECHOWSKI P.O., BADYDA A., KLENIEWSKA M., BRANDYK A., Estimation of total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentration at the regional background station in Granica KPN (Mazovia Province, Poland), 2010–2011, An. Set Environ. Prot., 2013, 15, 1302 (in Polish