Reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructure : electricity distribution

• Autorzy: Berg H, P. , Fritze N.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In recent years the failure frequency of transformers increased. In particular fires and explosions of main oilfilled transformers are considered as critical. Therefore, international experiences of transformer failures at nuclear and non-nuclear power plants and at substations have been investigated in more detail. Consequences of transformer failures with respect to a reliable electric power supply and distribution are addressed and proactive measures to enhance the reliability of critical infrastructure and to avoid blackouts are described.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

critical infrastructure; reliability; transformer; ageing; failure statistics; blackouts

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
• Czasopismo: Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: Vol. 4, No. 1
• Strony: 9--20
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., rys. tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Berg H, P.

• Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany

autor

Fritze N.

• Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany

Bibliografia

• [1] Bartley, W.H. (2011). Ageing transformers are a risk to the electric power supply. Munich Re Schadenspiegel, Issue 2/2011, 14-19.
• [2] Berg, H.P. & Fritze, N. (2010). Power plant transformer explosion and fire. SSARS 2010 – Summer Safety and Reliability Seminars, Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association, Volume 1, 35-42.
• [3] Berg, H.P. & Fritze, N. (2012). Transformer fires in nuclear power plants – statistics and precautionary measures. Proc. of the International Colloquium Transformer Research and Asset Management, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
• [4] Berg, H.P. & Fritze, N. (2012). Risk and consequences of transformer explosions and fires in nuclear power plants. Journal of KONBiN 3(23)2012 ISSN 1895-8281, 05-16.
• [5] Blake, S., Taylor, P., Black, M. & Miller. D. (2012). Using condition data and fault consequence to inform asset replacement programmes. Proc. of the International Colloquium Transformer Research and Asset Management, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
• [6] Bruch, M. et al. (2011). Power blackout risks, emerging risk initiative – position paper, CRO Forum, November 2011.
• [7] Campbell, R.J. (2012). Weather-Related Power Outages and Electric System Resiliency. Congressional Research Service, R42696.
• [8] European Committee of Manufacturers of Electrical Machines and Power Electronics – CEMEP (2008). Uninterruptible power supplies, European guide.
• [9] Elkinson, K., McGrail, T. & Topjian, G. (2012). Transformers: the backbone of our society. Proc. of the International Colloquium Transformer Research and Asset Management, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
• [10] EPRI and USNRC. (2005). EPRI/NRC-RES Fire PRS Methodology for Nuclear Power Facilities; Volume 2: Detailed Methodology. EPRI TR101/1089 and NUREG/CR-6850, Electric Power Research Institute and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research.
• [11] Foata, M. (2010). Transformer fire risk and mitigation. CIGRE A2 Transformers Session.
• [12] Foata, M. & Nguyen, V.N. (2010). Transformer tank rupture and mitigation – Hydro-Quebec perspective, Presentation.
• [13] Lord, T. & Hodge, G. (2008). Online monitoring of transformers as a strategic tool.
• [14] National Academy of Sciences – NAS (2012). Terrorism and the electric power delivery system, National Academic Press, Washington, D.C.
• [15] National Infrastructure Advisory Council – NIAC (2010). A Framework for Establishing Critical Infrastructure Resilience Goals.
• [16] Ng, K.-L.A. (2007). Risk assessment of transformer fire protection in a typical New Zealand high-rise building. Thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
• [17] North American Electric Reliability Corporation – NERC (2012). 2012 Long-term reliability assessment, November 2012.
• [18] Office for Gas and Electricity Markets – OFGEM (2010). Electricity distribution price control network asset data and performance reporting – regulatory instructions and guidance, Version 1, May 2010.
• [19] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD (2012). Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA): OECD FIRE Database.
• [20] Steindl, E. (2012). Risk management and transformer monitoring. Presentation at the International Colloquium Transformer Research and Asset Management, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
• [21] United States Department of Energy (2012). Large power transformers and the U.S. electrical grid, DOE/OE/ISER, June 2012.
• [22] Wouters, P., van Schindel, A. & Wetzer, J. (2010). Remaining lifetime modelling of power transformers on individual and population level. International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, Potsdam, Germany, July 4-9, 2010.