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The automotive industry is one of the fastest developing branches in the world. From year to year on the roads appear more and more cars. In the modern vehicles, better and more efficient technologies reducing exhaust emission are applied. However, the cars are still the leading source of air pollution, especially in towns and cities. Car exhaust gases have adverse effect on the human health, because they form so-called “low emission”. It means that they are released into the troposphere at the people living height. As a result, people are exposed to the direct and long-lasting contact with the fumes. Therefore, precise assessment is very important to the vehicles’ impact on the quality of the atmospheric air. The review of the evaluation methods of the impact of vehicles on the air quality was presented in the paper, with special regard to the mathematical dispersion modelling of the exhaust gases. In particular, NOx emission by sector in Poland, changing NOx emissions from road transport in Poland in the years 2000-2009 with regard to the change in the number of cars, vertical cross-section of a typical symmetric urban street canyon are presented in the paper.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
445--452
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Vehicle Engineering Braci Gierymskich 164, 51-640 Wroclaw, Poland tel./fax + 48 71 3477918
autor
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Vehicle Engineering Braci Gierymskich 164, 51-640 Wroclaw, Poland tel./fax + 48 71 3477918
autor
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Vehicle Engineering Braci Gierymskich 164, 51-640 Wroclaw, Poland tel./fax + 48 71 3477918
autor
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Vehicle Engineering Braci Gierymskich 164, 51-640 Wroclaw, Poland tel./fax + 48 71 3477918
Bibliografia
- [1] European Environment Agency, Air quality in Europe – 2013 report, No 9/2013, Denmark 2013.
- [2] Rutkowski, J. D., Żródła zanieczyszczeń powietrza atmosferycznego, wydanie II zmienione,Wydawnictwo Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wrocław, 1993.
- [3] Markiewicz, M. T., Podstawy modelowania rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń w powietrzu atmosferycznym, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej, Warszawa,2004.
- [4] European Environment Agency, EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2013, Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories, EEA Technical report,No. 12, 2013.
- [5] Kaźmierczak, A., Silniki pojazdów samochodowych. Podręcznik do nauki zawodu Technik pojazdów samochodowych , Wydawnictwo REA, Warszawa 2010.
- [6] European Environment Agency, Air pollution fact sheet 2013 – Poland, 2013.
- [7] Inspekcja Ochrony Środowiska, Zanieczyszczenie powietrza w Polsce w 2009 roku na tle wielolecia, Biblioteka Monitoringu Środowiska, Warszawa 2011.
- [8] Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 On ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, 2008.
- [9] Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 On type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information, 2007.
- [10] United States Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42. Section 13.2.1. Paved Roads, Measurement Policy Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 2011.
- [11] Boulter, P. G., Barlow, T. J., McCrae, I. S., Emission factors 2009: Report 3 – exhaust emission factors for road vehicles in the United Kingdom, Ver. 6, UK Department of Transport, 2009.
- [12] http://www.hbefa.net/e/index.html, The Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA), Accessed 27th July 2014.
- [13] Rexeis, M., Hausberger, S., Kühlwein, J., Luz, R, Update of Emission Factors for EURO 5 and EUR O 6 vehicles for the HBEFA Version 3.2, Final Report, Institute for internal combustion engines and thermodynamics, Graz University of Technology, 2013.
- [14] Hausberger, S., Rodler, J., Sturm, P., Rexeis, M., Emission factors for heavy-duty vehicles and validation by tunnel measurements, Atmospheric Environment, 37, pp. 5237-5245, 2003.
- [15] Colberg, C. A., Tona, B., Stahel, W. A., Meier, M., Staehelin, J., Comparison of a road traffic emission model (HBEFA) with emissions derived from measurements in the Gubrist road tunnel, Switzerland, Atmospheric Environment, 39, pp. 4703-4714, 2005.
- [16] Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 26 stycznia 2010 r., W sprawie wartości odniesienia dla niektórych substancji w powietrzu, 2010.
- [17] Gokhale, S. B., Rebours, A., Pavageau, M., The performance evaluation of WinOSPM model for urban street canyons of Nantes in France, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1000, pp. 155-176, 2005.
- [18] Aarhus University, Departament of Environmental Science, Denmark. Available at: http://envs.au.dk/en/knowledge/air/models/ospm/, Accessed 29th July 2014.
- [19] Kaplan, H., Olry, Ch., Moussafir, J., Oldrini, O., Mahe, F., Albergel, A., Chemical reactions at street scale using a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM), Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes 6-9 May 2013, pp. 464-467, Madrid, Spain 2013.
- [20] Sathe, Yogesh V., Air quality modelling in Street Canyons of Kolhapur City, Maharashtra, India, Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, Vol. 2, Is. 2, pp. 97-105, 2012.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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