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The core concept in this paper is to hybridize a conventional engine-powered two-wheeler into a hybrid electric vehicle. The shift in the consumers’ mindset from conventional IC engine vehicles to electric/hybrid vehicles may be a challenge due to the high initial investment. Hence, as a preliminary work, it is proposed to convert an IC engine vehicle to a hybrid electric vehicle considering factors such as affordability, user control, and flexibility. To make the hybrid vehicle available at an affordable price, lead-acid batteries are used for the study. Also, the BLDC motor used in this vehicle was designed and developed according to the available design constraints. The moped was redesigned to operate in either engine or electric mode individually depending on the rider’s desire and can switch over to any mode at any time as intended. This is achieved using a unique switching mechanism constructed using needle roller bearings. The concept of hybridization thus results in reduced emissions, especially in stop-go traffic where electric mode can be used, and the performance of hybrid electric vehicles is estimated.
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Tom
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art. no. e153424
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Automobile Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
autor
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Sivakasi, India
autor
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, India
autor
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
Bibliografia
- [1] N. Sharada Prasad, and R. Nataraj, “Design and Development of hybrid electric two-wheeler suitable for Indian road conditions,” Int. J. Electr. Electron. Data Commun., vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 60–62, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/1-80-140965836659-62.pdf
- [2] H. Shiyani, “Efficient Hybrid Moped,” Int. J. Sci. Res., vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 178–180, 2015, doi: 10.36106/IJSR.
- [3] P. Kadi and S. Kulkarni, “Hybrid Powered Electric Bicycle,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Develop., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1017–1020, 2016.
- [4] G. Adinarayana, Ch. Ashok Kumar, and M. Ramakrishna, “Fabrication of Hybrid Petro electric Vehicle,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl., vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 142–144, 2014.
- [5] G. Bansal, S. Chadha, S. Gupta, and R. Gupta, “Eco Hybrid Scooter,” Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 1077 pp. 185–190, 2014, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1077.185.
- [6] S. Nataraju Prem Singh and C. Raghavendra Prasad, “Fabrication and Development of Hybrid Vehicle (scooter),” in Proc. National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering Science, May 2016, pp. 219–222.
- [7] M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, and A. Emadi, Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 2010, pp. 19–65, doi: 10.1201/9780429504884.
- [8] I. Husain, Electric, and hybrid vehicles: design fundamentals, 1st Edition, CRC Press, 2003, pp. 17–39, doi: 10.1201/9780429490927.
- [9] V. Kamaraj, J. Ravishankar, and S. Jeevananthan, Emerging solutions for e-Mobility and Smart Grids. 2020, Singapore: Springer, 2021, doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-0719-6.
- [10] C. Carunaiselvane and S. Jeevananthan, “Generalized procedure for BLDC motor design and substantiation in MagNet 7.1.1 software,” in Int.Conf. on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), India, 2012, pp. 18–25, doi: 10.1109/ICCEET.2012.6203783.
- [11] K.U. Devi and M.Y. Sanavullah, “Performance analysis of exterior(outer) rotor permanent magnet brushless DC (ERPMBLDC) motor by finite element method,” in 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology, India, 2011, pp. 426–430, doi: 10.1109/ICECTECH.2011.5941785.
- [12] Y.C. Wu and B.W. Lin, “Computer-aided design of a brushless DC motor with exterior-rotor configuration,” Comput. Aided. Des., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 457–469, 2012, doi: 10.3722/cadaps.2012.457-469.
- [13] R. Krishnan, DC Motor Drives Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives. Taylor & Francis Group Thames, UK, 2010.
- [14] G. Thenmozhi et al. “Design, fabrication and performance estimation of BLDC motor for electric vehicles,” in AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2869, no. 1, p. 030030, 2023, doi: 10.1063/5.0168256.
- [15] G. Thenmozhi, A. Radhika, and B. Mithun, “A simulation-based investigation on the Performance of BLDC motor used in Electric Vehicles for varied magnetic materials,” in 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), India, 2022, pp. 875–879, doi: 10.1109/ICACCS54159.2022.9785117.
- [16] G. Thenmozhi, S. Sivakumar, B. Arun, M. Nirmala, and A. Radhika, “An investigation on the performance of permanent magnet brushless DC motor based on different materials,” in AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2446, no. 1, p. 100004, 2022, doi: 10.1063/5.0108137.
- [17] M. Yildirim, H. Kurum, D. Miljavec, and S. Corovic, “Influence of Material and Geometrical Properties of Permanent Magnets on Cogging Torque of BLDC,”. Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2656–2662, April 2018, doi: 10.48084/etasr.1725.
- [18] V. Sarac, “Performance optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor by cogging torque reduction,” J. Electr. Eng., vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 218–226, 2019, doi: 10.2478/jee-2019-0030.
- [19] S.O. Kwon, J.J. Lee, B.H. Lee, J.H. Kim, K.H. Ha, and J.P.‘Hong, “Loss distribution of three-phase induction motor and BLDC motor according to core materials and operating,” IEEE Trans. Magnet., vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4740–4743, 2009, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022749.
- [20] M. Przybylski, B. Ślusarek, and J. Gromek, “Brushless DC motor with a bonded permanent magnet and powder magnetic core,” in Proc. XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines – ICEM 2010, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2010.5608078.
- [21] A.K. Nayak, B. Ganguli, and P.M. Ajayan. “Advances in electric two-wheeler technologies,” Energy Rep., vol. 9, pp. 3508–3530, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.02.008.
- [22] M. Murugan, and S. Marisamynathan, “Mode shift behaviour and user willingness to adopt the electric two-wheeler: A study based on Indian road user preferences,” Int. J. Transport. Sci. Technol., vol.12, no. 2, pp. 428–446, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.03.008.
- [23] Overview of PCX HYBRID’s Hybrid System, Honda. [Online]. Available: https://global.honda/en/tech/Hybrid_System_PCX_HYBRID/ (Accessed: 12. Nov. 2024).
- [24] S. Susvirkar, “Yamaha Fascino 125 Hybrid: Road Test Review,” Bikewale. [Online]. Available: https://www.bikewale.com/expert-reviews/yamaha-fascino-125-hybrid-road-test-review/ (Accessed: 12. Nov. 2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-a83f80f2-2fbf-4ad5-a9bf-cc0e93a51b24
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