Hydrazyna : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Jakubowski, M.; Kupczewska-Dobecka, M.

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Hydrazyna : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Autorzy

Jakubowski M. , Kupczewska-Dobecka M.

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Hydrazine : documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Hydrazyna jest cieczą, stosowaną w różnych gałęziach przemysłu. Jak oszacowano, w Polsce, w 2011 r., w warunkach narażenia na hydrazynę i jej sole zatrudnionych było około 2000 osób. Związek ten wykazuje silne działanie drażniące oczy, skórę i drogi oddechowe. Hydrazyna została zaklasyfikowana do kategorii 1.B jako substancja rakotwórcza. Jej działanie rakotwórcze udowodniono na podstawie wyników badań na zwierzętach. Skutkiem narażenia były łagodne i złośliwe nowotwory: jamy nosa, płuc i wątroby. Brak jest jednoznacznych dowodów działania rakotwórczego dla ludzi. W Polsce obowiązuje dla hydrazyny wartość NDS 0,05 mg/m3 i wartość NDSCh 0,1 mg/m3. W ACGIH zaproponowano wartość TLV 0,013 mg/m3. W SCOEL nie ustalono wartości normatywnych, ponieważ uznano, że właściwym skutkiem oceny toksycznego działania hydrazyny jest działanie rakotwórcze i genotoksyczne, a ocena możliwego działania dla ludzi nie jest możliwa ze względu na istnienie różnic międzygatunkowych w działaniu rakotwórczym związku na górne drogi oddechowe. W Unii Europejskiej proponuje się wartość wiążącą BOELV 0,013 mg/m3. Na podstawie wyników badań eksperymentalnych na zwierzętach wykazano, że narządem krytycznym w wyniku narażenia na hydrazynę jest wątroba. Do ustalenia wartości NDS wykorzystano wyniki badań – przewlekłego narażenia inhalacyjnego chomików syryjskich na hydrazynę. Skutkiem krytycznym było działanie hepatotoksyczne: skrobiawica, hemosyderoza i rozrost przewodów żółciowych. Wartość LOAEL przyjęto na poziomie 0,332 mg/m3. Wyliczono wartość NDS 0,014 mg/m3 oraz, ze względu na działanie drażniące związku, ustalono wartość NDSCh 0,042 mg/m3, wraz z oznakowaniem: Carc. 1.B (substancja rakotwórcza kategorii 1.B), „Skóra” oraz „I” (substancja drażniąca). Po dyskusji i głosowaniu na 77. posiedzeniu Międzyresortowej Komisji ds. NDS i NDN w dniu 14.01.2015 r. przyjęto stężenie 0,013 mg/m3 za wartość NDS hydrazyny – wartość wiążącą, przyjętą przez ACSH – a wartość 0,039 mg/m3 za wartość NDSCh.

Hydrazine is a liquid used in various industries. In 2011 in Poland, approximately 2000 people were exposed to hydrazine and its salts. This compound is strongly irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory system. Hydrazine has been classified to a carcinogen category 1.B. Carcinogenicity of hydrazine has been proven in animals. The results of exposure were benign and malignant tumors of the nasal cavity, lungs and liver. There is no conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. In Poland, TWA of 0.05 mg/m3 and STEL of 0.1 mg/m3 are valid. The ACGIH TLV proposed value of 0.013 mg/m3. The SCOEL did not establish normative values because proper effects to assess toxicity of hydrazine are carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. The assessment of possible effects in humans is not possible because of interspecific differences in the carcinogenic effects on the upper airways. The European Union propose a binding BOELV value of 0.013 mg/m3. Animal studies suggest that a liver is a critical organ as a result of exposure to hydrazine. The results of studies of chronic inhalation exposure of Syrian hamsters to hydrazine were used to determine the value of MAC-NDS. The critical effects were hepatotoxic: amyloidosis, hemosiderosis and proliferation of bile ducts. The LOAEL value is 0.332 mg/m3. Derived limit value is 0.014 mg/m3 and the STEL value is 0.042 mg/m3 because of the irritant effects. Labeling as Carc. 1.B (carcinogenic category 1.B), „Skin” and „I”(irritant) was suggested. After discussion and voting at the 77th meeting of the Interdepartmental Commission for MAC and MAI (January 14, 2015) exposure limit value TWA of 0.013 mg/m3 and STEL value of 0.039 mg/m3 was accepted. This values are consistent with binding values adopted by the ACSH.

Słowa kluczowe

hydrazyna siarczan hydrazyny wodzian hydrazyny narażenie zawodowe NDS

hydrazine hydrazine sulfate hydrazine hydrate occupational exposure MAC

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2015

Tom

Nr 3 (85)

Strony

35--65

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 87 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Jakubowski M.

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 91-348 Łódź ul. św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8

autor

Kupczewska-Dobecka M.

dobecka@imp.lodz.pl

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 91-348 Łódź ul. św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8

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