Salinity changes in the Bay of Puck due to brine discharge based on in-situ measurements

• Autorzy: Robakiewicz M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/s13545-014-0133-z

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Brine, a by-product in the process of constructing gas storage caverns in salt deposits, has been discharged into Puck Bay by a system of diffusers since autumn 2010. In-situ measurements taken in the period of October 2010–December 2012 were used to assess salinity changes in the vicinity of the discharge installation. The measured salinity values included two components: the natural, representing salinity in the absence of discharge, and salinity excess due to brine discharge. Owing to the limited number of locations in the Gulf of Gdańsk where the national program of monitoring environmental changes is carried out, it was impossible to determine exactly the natural component. As a consequence, four estimation methods were proposed. A detailed analysis was carried out for the second half of 2012, when parameters of brine were close to the maximum permissible values. It was found that the average salinity excess in the vicinity of the installation rarely reached 0.5 PSU, and the maximum values at individual sites occasionally reached 0.6 PSU. It was shown that the local wind plays an important role in brine mixing with the surrounding environment, however, it is not sufficient to explain the observed salinity patterns.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

brine; mixing; Puck Bay; excess salinity

• Wydawca: Institute of Oceanography University of Gdańsk
• Czasopismo: Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 43, No. 2
• Strony: 191--199
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 25 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Robakiewicz M.

• Department of Coastal Engineering and Dynamics, Institute of Hydro-Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kościerska 7, Gdańsk, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1]. Abraham G. (1970). The flow of Round Buoyant Jet Issuing Vertically into Ambient Fluid Flowing in a Horizontal Direction, 5th International Water Pollution Research Conference, San Francisco, July–August 1970, 7 pp.
• [2]. Delvigne G.A.L. (1979). Round Buoyant Jet with Three-Dimensional Trajectory in Ambient Flow, Delft Hydraulics, 18th IAHR Congress, Calgari, Italy, 9 pp.
• [3]. Fernandez-Torquemada Y., Sanchez-Lizaso J.L., Gonzalez-Correa J.M. (2005). Preliminary results of the monitoring of the brine discharge produced by the SWRO desalination plant of Alicante (SE Spain). Desalination. Vol. 182, 395–402
• [4]. Fernandez-Torquemada Y., Sanchez-Lizaso J.L. (2007). Monitoring of brine discharged from seawater desalination plants in the Mediterranean. Int. J. Environment and Health. Vol.1. No.3, 449–461.
• [5]. Fisher H.B., List E.J., Koh R.C.Y., Imberger J., Brooks N.H. (1978). Mixing in inland and coastal waters. New York, Academic Press.
• [6]. James W.P., Vergara I., Kim K. (1984). Dilution of a Dense Vertical Jet. Journal of Environmental Engineering ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 6, 1273–1283.
• [7]. Jasińska E., Robakiewicz W. (1999). Hydrodynamics of the Puck Bay, measurements and modelling. Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics, Vol. 46, No. 1–4, 1999, 73–90.
• [8]. Jirka G.H. (2008). Improved Discharge Configurations for Brine Effluents from desalination Plants. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 134, No.1, 2008, 116–120, DOI: 10.161/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:1(116).
• [9]. Kamińska M. (2012a). Salinity. In: Zalewska T., Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Krzymiński W. (Eds), Southern Baltic Sea Environmental Conditions in 2010, (in Polish) (pp. 58–69). Warszawa, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management.
• [10]. Kamińska M. (2012b). Salinity. In: Zalewska T., Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Krzymiński W. (Eds), Southern Baltic Sea Environmental Conditions in 2011, (in Polish) (pp. 62–72). Warszawa, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management.
• [11]. Kamińska M. (2013). Salinity. In: Zalewska T., Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Krzymiński W. (Eds), Southern Baltic Sea Environmental Conditions in 2012, (in Polish) (pp. 62–72). Warszawa, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management.
• [12]. Kikkert G.A., Davidson M.J., Note R.I. (2007). Inclined Negatively Buoyant Discharges. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. Vol. 133, No.5, 545–554, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)/-733-9429(2007)133:5(545).
• [13]. Loya-Fernandez A., Ferrero-Vicente L.M., Marco-Mendez C., Martinez-Garcia E., Zubcoff J., Sanchez-Lizaso J.L. (2012). Comparing four mixing zone models with brine discharge measurements from a reverse osmosis desalination plant in Spain. Desalination. Vol. 286, 217–224.
• [14]. Marti C.L. Antenucci J.P., Luketina D., Okely P., Imberger J. (2011). Near-field Dillution Characteristics of a Negatively Buoyant Hypersaline Jet Generated by a Desalination Plant. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. Vol. 137, No.1, 2011, 57–65; DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE) HY.1943-7900.0000275.
• [15]. Mendez-Diaz M.M., Jirka G.M. (1996). Buoyant Plumes from Multiport Diffuser Discharge in Deep Coflowing Water, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. Vol. 122, No. 8, 428–435.
• [16]. Nemlioglu S., Roberts P.J.W. (2006). Experiments on dense jets using 3D Laser-Induced Fluorescence, In: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Marine Waste Water Disposal and Marine Environment & 2nd Int. Exhibition Materials Equipment and Services for Coastal WWTP, Outfalls and Sealines, Antalya, Turkey.
• [17]. Nowacki J. (1993). Hydrophysics of the Puck Bay, in: Puck Bay (in Polish), Ed. K. Korzeniewski, Institute of Oceanography of Gdańsk University, 79–111, 181–205.
• [18]. Papakonstatntis I.G., Christodoulou G.C., Papanicolaou P.N. (2011a). Inclined negatively buoyant jets 1: geometrical characteristics. Journal of Hydraulic Research. Vol. 49 No. 1, 3–12. DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2010.537153.
• [19]. Papakonstatntis I.G., Christodoulou G.C., Papanicolaou P.N. (2011a). Inclined negatively buoyant jets 2: concentration measurements. Journal of Hydraulic Research. Vol. 49 No. 1, 13–22. DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2010.542617.
• [20]. Robakiewicz M. (2009a). Spreading of brine discharged into the Puck Bay (in Polish), Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika. Vol. 30, No 4, 2009, 250–261.
• [21]. Robakiewicz M. (2009b). Modeling of brine spreading in the marine environment using Puck Bay as example (in Polish), Przegląd Geologiczny. Vol.57, No 9, 2009, 778–779.
• [22]. Robakiewicz M., Robakiewicz W. (2009). Spreading of brine in the Puck Bay. Przegląd Geologiczny, Vol. 57, No 9, 2009, 777–778.
• [23]. Roberts P.J.W., Toms G. (1987). Inclined Dense Jets in Flowing Currents. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. Vol. 113, No.3, 1987, 323–341.
• [24]. Roberts P.J.W., Ferrier A., Daviero G. (1997). Mixing in Inclined Dense Jets. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE. Vol. 123, No.8, 1997, 693–699.
• [25]. Wood I.R., Bell R.G., Wilkinson D.L. (1993). Ocean Disposal of Wastewater. Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering - Vol. 8, World Scientific.