Adaptive Plasticity in Insect Parasites – Philopterus Lice and their Accentor Passerine Hosts

• Autorzy: Janiga M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/15052249PJE2018.66.4.007

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

One hundred and five alpine accentors Prunella collaris (Scopoli, 1786) and ninety four dunnocks Prunella modularis (Linnaeus, 1758) were captured in the West Carpathian Mountains of Slovakia in order to compare the morphology of their Ischnoceran parasites Philopterus emiliae Balát 1985 and Philopterus modularis (Denny, 1842), respectively. In the case of both host species, the largest bodied lice occurred in winter, before the beginning of the host breeding season. Lice collected during the host breeding season were smaller in size than those collected in winter. Lice collected in the autumn, following postnuptial molt were even smaller in size. The largest lice were found on the bodies of host individuals with relatively long wings. The lice Ph. emiliae also differed in shape. In winter, the relative size of the head was large, while in the autumn, the head was proportionately smaller in size, compared to other body regions. Adult lice Ph. modularis also tended to have larger heads in April than in July. Measurements of lice over an eleven year period from the same site yielded differences in shape, but not in size. This study is one of the first assessments of seasonal variation in morphology of lice.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

coevolutionary eco-morphology; plasticity; adaptive canalization; Philopterus; Prunella collaris; alpine accentor; Prunella modularis; dunnock

PL

współewolucyjna eko-morfologia; plastyczność; kanalizacja adaptacyjna; Philopterus; Prunella collaris; płochacz halny; Prunella modularis; płochacz pokrzywnica

• Wydawca: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 66, nr 4
• Strony: 395--406
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 68 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Janiga M.

• 059 56 Slovak Republic, Institute of High Mountain Biology, Žilina University, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK

Bibliografia

• [1] Ash J. S. 1960 – A study of the Mallophaga of birds with particular reference to their ecology – Ibis, 102: 93-110.
• [2] Balát F. 1955 – Mallophaga of the Tatra National Park – Zool. a entomol. listy, 4: 389-398.
• [3] Balát F. 1959 – Řád Všenky - Mallophaga (In: Klíč zvířeny ČSR III, Ed: J. Kratochvíl) – ČAV, Prague, pp. 243-269.
• [4] Bartholomew D. J. 2007 – Three faces of factor analysis (In: Factor analysis at 100: Historical developments and Future Directions, Eds: R. R.Cudec, R. MacCallum) – Erlbaum Associates, Lawrence, pp. 9-22.
• [5] Bear A. 1995 – An improved method for collecting bird ectoparasites – J. Field Ornithol.66: 212-214.
• [6] Booth D. T., Clayton D. H., Block B. A. 1993 – Experimental demonstration of the energetic cost of parasitism in free-ranging hosts – Proc. R. Soc. B, 253: 125-129.
• [7] Carrillo C. M., Valera F., Barbosa A., Moreno E. 2007 – Thriving in an arid environment: High prevalence of avian lice in low humidity conditions – Ecoscience, 14: 241-249.
• [8] Clayton D. H. 1990 – Mate choice in experimentally parasitized rock doves: lousy males lose – Amer. Zool.30: 251-262.
• [9] Clayton D. H. 1991 – Coevolution of avian grooming and ectoparasite avoidance (In: Bird - parasite interactions, Eds: J. E. Loye, M. Zuk) – Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 258-289.
• [10] Clayton D. H., Bush S. E., Goates B. M., Johnson K. P. 2003 – Host defense reinforces host-parasite cospeciation – Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100: 15694-15699.
• [11] Clayton D. H., Drown D. M. 2001 – Critical evaluation of five methods for quantifying chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) – J. Parasitol.87: 1291-1300.
• [12] Clayton D. H., Lee P. L. M., Tompkins D. M., Brodie E. D. 1999 – Reciprocal natural selection on host-parasite phenotypes – Am. Nat.154: 261-270.
• [13] Clayton D. H., Moyer B. R., Bush S. E., Jones T. G., Gardiner D. W., Rhodes B. B., Goller F. 2005 – Adaptive significance of avian beak morphology for ectoparasite control – Proc. Biol. Sci.272: 811-817.
• [14] Cramp S. 1988 – Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa - The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol. V. – Tyrant Flycatchers to Thrushes, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, London, 1084 pp.
• [15] Davies N. B., Hartley I. R., Hatchwell B. J., Desrochers A., Skeer J., Nebel D. 1995 – The polygynandrous mating system of the Alpine Accentor, Prunella collaris. I. Ecological causes and reproductive conflicts – Anim. Behav.49: 769-788.
• [16] Del Hoyo J., Elliot A., Christie, D. 2005 – Handbook of the birds of the World. 10.Cuckoo shrikes to Thrushes – Lynx Editions, Barcelona.
• [17] Denny H. 1842 – Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae – Henry G. Bohn, London.
• [18] Dyrcz A. 1976 – [The materials on biology of Alpine Accentor (Prunella collaris)] – Notatki Ornithol.17: 79-92 (in Polish, English summary).
• [19] Dyrcz A., Janiga M. 1997 – Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris (In: The EBCC atlas of European breeding birds: their distribution and abundance, Eds: E. J. M. Hagemeijer, M. J. Blair) – T and AD Poyser, London, pp. 510-511.
• [20] Gómez-Manzaneque A. 1989 – Quelques données sur la reproduction de l’Accenteur alpin (Prunella collaris) dans la Sierra de Gredos, Espagne Centrale – Alauda, 57: 223-225.
• [21] Hafner M. S., Sudman P. D., Villablanca F. X., Spradling T. A., Demastes J. W., Nadler S. A. 1994 – Disparate rates of molecular evolution in cospeciating hosts and parasites – Science B, 265: 1087-1090.
• [22] Hamstra T. L., Badyaev A. V. 2009 – Comprehensive investigation of ectoparasite community and abundance across life history stages of avian host – J. Zool.278: 91-99.
• [23] Heer L. 1996 – Cooperative breeding by alpine accentors Prunella collaris: polygynandry, territoriality and multiple paternity – J. Ornithol.137: 35-51.
• [24] Heer L. 1998 – The polygandrous mating system of the Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris, individual reproductive tactics, breeding adaptations on high mountain conditions and winter ecology – Ph. D. thesis, University of Bern, Bern, 152 pp.
• [25] Heer L. 1999 – Age and sex determination in the Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris – Ornithol. Beob.96: 241-248.
• [26] Hughes J. M. 1984 – Morphometric variation in the Mallophaga of the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen Latham) – Aust. J. Zool.21: 467-477.
• [27] Jackson J. E. 1991 – A user's quide to principal components analysis – John Wiley and Son, New York, 569 pp.
• [28] Jackson D. A. 1993 – Stopping rules in principal component analysis: A comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches – Ecology, 74: 2204-2214.
• [29] Jackson D. A., Somers K. M., Harvey H. H. 1992 – Null models and fish communities evidence of nonrandom patterns – Am. Nat.139: 930-951.
• [30] Janiga M. 1986 – The feather growth of young Columba livia f. domestica as an ecological indicator – Biologia (Bratisl.), 41: 1031-1038.
• [31] Janiga M. 2018 – Different coevolutionary breeding strategies of Ischnoceran lice on Prunella collaris and P. modularis in high mountains – Pol. J. Ecol.66: 182-193.
• [32] Janiga M., Kubašková L'. 2000 – The biology of the Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris. III. The coevolution of Alpine Accentors and lice (Phthiraptera) – Oecol. Montana, 9: 24-28.
• [33] Janiga M., Mičková A. 2004 – The biology of the Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris V. The sex ratio and transmission of lice Philopterus emiliae – Oecol. Montana, 13: 17-22.
• [34] Janiga M., Romanová E. 1997 – The biology of the Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris II. Behaviour: Rhytmic aspects of maintenance activities –Oecol. Montana, 6: 45-48.
• [35] Johnson K. P., Bush S. E., Clayton D. H. 2005 – Correlated evolution of host and parasite body size: Tests of Harrison's rule using birds and lice – Evolution, 59: 1744-1753.
• [36] Johnson K. P., Drown D. M., Clayton D. H. 2001 – A data based parsimony method of cophylogenetic analysis – Zool. Scrip-ta, 30: 79-87.
• [37] Jolicoeur P. 1984 – Principal components, factor analysis, and multivariate allometry. A small sample direction test – Biometrics, 40: 685-690.
• [38] Jolicoeur P., Mosimann J. E. 1960 – Size and shape variation in the painted turtle. A principal component analysis – Growth, 24: 339-354.
• [39] Kettle J. 1983 – The seasonal incidence of parasitism by Phiraptera on starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in England – New Zeal. Entomol.7: 403-408.
• [40] Klembara J., Janiga M. 1993 – Variation in Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876) from the Lower Permian of the Boskovice Furrow (Czech Republic) – Zool. J. Linnean Soc.108: 247-270.
• [41] Leonart J., Salat J., Torres J. 2000 – Removing allometric effects of body size in morphological analysis – J. Theor. Biol.205: 85-93.
• [42] Marshall A. G. 1981 – The ecology of ectoparasitic insects – Academic Press, London, 459 pp.
• [43] Møller A. P., Rózsa L. 2005 – Parasite biodiversity and host defenses: Chewing lice and immune response of their avian hosts – Oecologia, 142: 169-176.
• [44] Mosimann J. E., James F. C. 1979 – New statistical methods for allometry with applications to Florida red-winged blackbirds – Evolution, 33: 444-459.
• [45] Moyer B. R., Drown D. M., Clayton D. H. 2002 – Low humidity reduces ectoparasite pressure: implications for host life history evolution – Oikos, 97: 223-228.
• [46] Nakamura M. 1990 – Age determination in the Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris by discriminant analysis of morphological measurements – Jpn. J. Ornithol.39: 19-24.
• [47] Nakamura M. 1995 – Territory and group living polygynandrous Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris – Ibis, 137: 477-483.
• [48] Nakamura M. 1998 – Multiple mating and cooperatives breeding in polygynandrous alpine accentors. II. Male mating tactics – Anim. Behav.55: 277-289.
• [49] Popelářová S. 2012 – [Host and parasite relation - Dunnock (Prunella modularis) and Philopterus modularis] – M.Sc. thesis, University of Zvolen, Zvolen, 71 pp. (in Slovak, English summary).
• [50] Price R. D., Hellenthal R. A., Palma R. L., Johnson K. P., Clayton D. H. 2003 – The Chewing Lice: World Checklist and Biological Overview (Special Publication 24) – Illinois Natural History Survey, Illinois, 501 pp.
• [51] Ramli R. L., Cusack M., Curry G. B., Furness R. W. 2000 – Morphological variation of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from different skua taxa – Biol. J. Linn. Soc.71: 91-101.
• [52] Reiczigel J., Rózsa L. 1998 – Host-mediated site segregation of ectoparasites: An individual based simulation study – J. Parasitol.84: 491-498.
• [53] Rohlf F. J., Bookstein F. L. 1987 – A comment on shearing as a method for ‘size correction’ – Syst. Zool.36: 356-367.
• [54] Rózsa L. 1997 – Patterns in the abundance of avian lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) – J. Avian Biol.28: 249-254.
• [55] Smith V. S. 2001 – Avian Louse Phylogeny (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera). A cladistic study based on morphology – Zool. J. Linn. Soc.132: 81-144.
• [56] Sokal R. R., Rohlf F. J. 1981 – Biometry – Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 776 pp.
• [57] Somers K. M. 1986 – Multivariate allometry and removal of size with principal component analysis – Syst. Zool.35: 359-368.
• [58] Stillwell R. C., Blanckenhorn W. U., Teder T., Davidowith G. 2010 – Sex differences in phenotypic plasticity affect variation in sexual size dimorphism in insects: from physiology to evolution – Annu. Rev. Entomol.55: 227-245.
• [59] Stockdale H. J., Raun, E. S. 1960 – Economic importance of the chicken body louse – J. Econ. Entomol.53: 421-423.
• [60] Strauss R. E. 1987 – On allometry and relative growth in evolutionary studies – Syst. Zool.36: 72-75.
• [61] Sychra O. 2005 – Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from chukars (Alectoris chukar) from a pheasant farm in Jinacovice (Czech Republic) – Vet. Med.50: 213-218.
• [62] Talposh V. S. 1977 – [Breeding biology of Alpine Accentor in USSR] – Nauchnye doklady vysshei shkoly, Biologicheskie nauki, 9: 54-59 (in Russian).
• [63] Tompkins D. M., Clayton D. H. 1999 – Host resources govern the specificity of swift-let lice: size matters – J. Anim. Ecol.68: 489-500.
• [64] Tryjanowski P., Szczykutowicz A., Adamski Z. 2007 – Size variation in chewing lice Docophorulus coarctatus: how host size and louse population density vary together – Evol. Ecol.21: 739-749.
• [65] Walther B. A., Clayton D. H. 1997 – Dust-ruffling: a simple method for quantifying ectoparasite loads of live birds – J. Field Ornithol.68: 509-518.
• [66] Yazdi A. B. 2014 – Application of geometric morphometric to analyse allometry in two species of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – Soil Org.86: 77-84.
• [67] Zekhnov M. I. 1950 – [Adaptive features in the breeding of lice of Coloeus monedula] – Russian J. Zool.29: 478-480 (in Russian, English summary).
• [68] Zlotorzycka J. 1964 – Mallophaga parasiting Passeriformes and Pici III. Philopterinae – Acta Parasitol. Polonica, 12: 401-430.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).