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The relationship between female representation at strategic level and firm’s competitiveness : evidences from cargo logistic firms of Pakistan and Canada

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PL
Związek pomiędzy reprezentacją kobiet na poziomie strategicznym i konkurencyjnością firmy : przykłady z firm logistyki towarowej z Pakistanu i Kanady
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The comparative study investigates the impact of various attributes such as feminine leadership style, gender diversity, and autonomy linked with the female representation at strategic level on the performance and competitiveness of the Cargo Logistic Firms in the contrasting economies; Pakistan and Canada. Previous studies offered limited insight due to unidimensional while this study takes multivariate approach, considering; variable of interest examined in terms of economies and gender. Cross-sectional research design following semi-structured questionnaire circulated among targeted audience by combining of stratified (probability) and convenience, purposive, and snowball (non-probability) sampling technique at layers of management. The combined sample size is 631 employees. The results showed that females prefer more flexible leadership style in comparison to males. Organisations having high gender diversity and female representation at strategic level are more progressive and innovative. Interestingly, in developing economies, rapid career growth chances are higher for females. Females are more people oriented while male are more task-oriented. Males have high desire for autonomy at workplace.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono badanie porównawcze, które analizuje wpływ różnych atrybutów ściśle związanych z reprezentacją kobiet na poziomie strategicznym, wpływającym na ogólną konkurencyjność przewoźników towarowych w gospodarkach Pakistanu i Kanady będących przeciwieństwami. Poprzednie badania przyniosły ograniczone spostrzeżenia ze względu na jednowymiarowość, podczas gdy niniejsze badanie ma podejście wielowymiarowe, biorąc pod uwagę jednocześnie: różnorodność płci, styl przywództwa i gospodarki. Projekt przekrojowego badania przeprowadzonego według kwestionariusza półstruktury krążył wśród odbiorców docelowych, łącząc technikę próbkowania warstwowego (prawdopodobieństwa) i wygodnego, celowego oraz kuli śnieżnej (niebędącego prawdopodobieństwem) na warstwach zarządzania. Łączna wielkość próby to 631 pracowników. Wyniki wykazały, że kobiety wolą bardziej elastyczny styl przywództwa niż mężczyźni. Coraz bardziej postępowe i innowacyjne są organizacje mające dużą różnorodność płci i reprezentacje kobiet na poziomie strategicznym. Co ciekawe, w krajach rozwijających się szanse szybkiego wzrostu kariery są większe u kobiet. Kobiety są bardziej nastawione na ludzi, podczas gdy mężczyźni są bardziej zorientowani na zadanie. Mężczyźni mają duże pragnienie autonomii w miejscu pracy.
Rocznik
Strony
69--81
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Faculty of Business and Management
autor
  • ABMS Open University Switzerland, Faculty of Business Administration
autor
  • University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Faculty of Marketing
Bibliografia
  • 1. Bilimoria D., 2006, The Relationship between Women Corporate Directors and Women Corporate Officers, “Journal of Managerial Issues”, 18(1).
  • 2. Butterfield D., Grinnell J., 1999, “Re-viewing” gender, leadership, and managerial behavior: Do three decades of research tell us anything? [In] G. Powell (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • 3. Carpenter M.A., Geletkanycz M.A., Sanders W.G., 2004, Upper echelons research revisited: Antecedents, elements and consequences of top management team composition, “Journal of Management”, 30 (6).
  • 4. Castanias R.P., Helfat C.E., 2001, The managerial rents model: Theory and empirical analysis, “Journal of Management”, 27(6).
  • 5. Chaluvadi N.S.S.L., 2015, Differences in Leadership Styles between Genders: Outcomes and Effectiveness of Women in Leadership Roles, MBA Student Scholarship, Paper 35. Johnson & Wales University.
  • 6. Daily G.C., Polasky S., Goldstein J., Kareiva P.M., Pejchar L., Ricketts T.H., Salzman J., Shallenberger R., 2009, Ecosystem services in decision-making: time to deliver, “Front Ecol Environ”, 7(1).
  • 7. Daily C.M., Dalton D.R., Cannella A., 2003, Corporate Governance: Decades of Dialogue and Data, “The Academy of Management Review”, 28(3).
  • 8. Dezsö C.L., Ross D.G., 2012, Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation, “Strategic Management Journal”, 33(9).
  • 9. Eagly A.H., Johannesen-Schmidt M.C., van Engen M., 2003, Transformational, transactional, and laissezfaire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men, “Psychological Bulletin”, 129.
  • 10. Eagly A.H., Johnson B.T., 1990, Gender and Leadership Style: A Meta-Analysis, CHIP Documents, “Psychological Bulletin”, 108(2).
  • 11. Ely R.J., Meyerson D.E., 2000, Theories of Gender in Organizations: A New Approach to Organizational Analysis and Change, [In] Research in Organizational Behavior 22B, Staw M., Sutton R.I. (eds.), New York.
  • 12. Haque A.U., Aston J., 2016, A Relationship between Occupational Stress and Organisational Commitment of I.T Sector's Employees in Contrasting Economies, “Polish Journal of Management Studies”, 14(1).
  • 13. Haque A.U., Aston J., Kozlovski E., 2016, Do causes and consequences of stress affect genders differently at operational level? Comparison of the IT sectors in the UK and Pakistan, “International Journal of Applied Business”, 1(1).
  • 14. Haque A.U., Yamoah F., 2014, Gender Employment Longevity: I.T Staff Response to Organizational Support in Pakistan, “International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences”, 4(12).
  • 15. Hurley A.E., Sonnenfeld J.A., 1998, The Effect of Organizational Experience on Managerial Career Attainment in an Internal Labor Market, “Journal of Vocational Behavior”, 52.
  • 16. Ibarra H., 1993, Personal Networks of Women and Minorities in Management: A Conceptual Framework, “Academy of Management Review”, 18(1).
  • 17. Jamal S., 2011, Statistics Problems & Practice Edition 2013 for B.Com, Ahmed Academy. PAK: Karachi.
  • 18. Kanter R.M., 1988, When a thousand flowers bloom: Structural, collective and social conditions for innovation in organizations, [In] B.M. Straw, L.L. Cummings, (Eds.), “Research in Organizational Behavior”, 10.
  • 19. Klein K.J., Harrison D.A., 2007, On the Diversity of Diversity: Tidy Logic, Messier Realities, “Academy of Management Perspectives”, 21(4).
  • 20. Kot S., Meyer N., Broniszewska A., 2016, A cross-country comparison of the characteristics of Polish and South African women entrepreneurs, “Economics and Sociology”, 9(4).
  • 21. Kurtulus F.A., Tomaskovic-Devey D., 2012, Do Female Top Managers Help Women to Advance? A Panel Study Using EEO-1 Records, “Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science”, 639.
  • 22. Larson J.R., Christensen C., Franz T.M., Abbott A.S., 1998, Diagnosing groups: the pooling, management, and impact of shared and unshared case information in team-based medical decision making, “Journal of Personality and Social Psychology”, 75(1).
  • 23. Lee P.M., James E.H., 2007, She’-e-os: gender effects and investor reactions to the announcements of top executive appointments, “Strategic Management Journal”, 28(3).
  • 24. Merchant K., 2012, How Men And Women Differ: Gender Differences in Communication Styles, Influence Tactics, and Leadership Styles, “CMC Senior Theses”, 513.
  • 25. Noe R.A., 1988, Women and Mentoring: A Review and Research Agenda, “Academy of Management Review”, 13(1).
  • 26. Oldham G.R., Cummings A., 1996, Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work, “Academy of Management Journal”, 39(3).
  • 27. Phillips K.W., Lloyd D.L., 2006, When Surface and Deep-Level Diversity Collide: The Effects on Dissenting Group Members, “Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes”, 99.
  • 28. Pittman T.S., Davey M.E., Alafat K.A., Wetherill K.V., Kramer N., 1980, Informational versus Controlling Verbal Rewards, “Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin”, 6(2).
  • 29. Sekaran U., Bougie R., 2012, Research methods for business: A skill building approach, (6th ed.), West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • 30. Shipman C., Kay K., 2009, Womenomics: Write Your Own Rules for Success, 1st Edition. Harper Business.
  • 31. Terjesen S., Sealy R., Singh V., 2009, Women Directors on Corporate Boards: A Review and Research Agenda, “Corporate Governance: An International Review”, 17(3).
  • 32. Tsui A.S., Egan T.D., O’Reilly III C.A., 1991, Being Different: Relational Demography and Organizational Attachment, “Administrative Science Quarterly”, 37(4).
  • 33. Van Knippenberg D., De Dreu C.K.W., Homan A.C., 2004, Work Group Diversity and Group Performance: An Integrative Model and Research Agenda, “Journal of Applied Psychology”, 89(6).
  • 34. Wiersema M.F., Bantel K.A., 1992, Top Management Team Demography and Corporate Strategic Change, “Academy of Management Journal”, 35(1).
  • 35. Zhang X., Bartol K.M., 2010, Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement, “Academy of Management Journal”, 53(10).
  • Internet sources:
  • 36. Cargo Company List Canada, (2015, Dec 01). Trucking and Logistics in Canada, Available at: http://www.canadatransportation.com/, Access on: 07.12.2016.
  • 37. Cargo Company List Pakistan, (2015, Dec 01). Freight Forwarders in Pakistan, Available at: http://www.freightnet.com/directory/p1/cPK/s30.htm, Access on: 07.12.2016.
  • 38. World Economic Reform, 2012, Human Development Index (HDI), Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/human-development-index/, Access on: 07.12.2016.
Uwagi
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-a6ac6136-e2a0-498d-8482-d4d4d927af43
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