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Service areas are places next to the road that provide services to motorists like petrol stations, restaurants, hotels, etc. Rest areas are zones near the road with a parking and some facilities, such as toilets and picnic areas, which are employed by road users during their travels. These areas play a vital role in road safety as they are demonstrated to reduce fatigue-related accidents. Moreover, in toll motorways, usually used for long-distance travels, these areas become essential as they are the only place to have rest or access to services as leaving and returning to it in the same point implies additional costs. This fact was verified by a survey conducted to 124 motorists who indicated that, if it is not totally necessary or they have not planned it in advance, they would not leave the freeway. The aim of this paper is to analyze the facilities offered in rest and service areas and the distances between them in the paying motorway network of Poland. Average distance between service areas and any type of areas are reasonable. The minimum distance established in Polish law is fulfilled in all the motorways, except a stretch in the A-1. All the rest areas include toilets and all the service areas include petrol, shop, toilets and a cafe. Other facilities are not so frequently available. The maximum distances between areas are over recommendations from other countries, and hence, a limit is recommended to improve road safety in Poland.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
155--164
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 17 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- University of the Basque Country, Po Rafael Moreno “Pitxitxi”, 2 48013 Bilbao, Spain
autor
- University of the Basque Country, Po Rafael Moreno “Pitxitxi”, 2 48013 Bilbao, Spain
Bibliografia
- 1. EUROSTAT. Energy, transport and environment indicator. 2016 edition. Luxembourg: Office of the European Union. 2016. 236 p.
- 2. Central Statistical Office. Transport. Activity results in 2016. Warsaw: Statistical Publishing Establishment. 2017. 305 p. Available at: http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/transport_lacznosc_PLK_HTML.htm.
- 3. Findley, D. & Schroeder, B. & Cunningham, C. & Brown, T. Highway Engineering. Planning, Design and Operations. Waltham, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2015. 722 p.
- 4. Kraemer, C. & Pardillo, J.M. & Rocci, S. & Romana, M.G. & Sanchez Blanco, V. & del Val, M.A. Ingeniería de Carreteras. Volumen I. Madrid: McGraw Hill. 2009. 515 p. [In Spanish: Road Engineering. Volume I. Madrid: McGraw Hill].
- 5. Fwa, T.F. The Handbook of Highway Engineering. Boca Raton. FL: Taylor & Francis. 2006. 847 p.
- 6. Haas, R. & Hudson, W.R. & Zaniewski, J.P. Modern pavement management. Melbourne, FL: Krieger. 583 p.
- 7. Haas, R & Hudson, W.R. & Falls, L.C. Pavement Asset Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. 2015. 386 p.
- 8. Perez-Acebo, H. & Mindra, N. & Railean, A. & Roji, E. Rigid pavement performance models by means of Markov Chains with half-year step time. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1353390.
- 9. Kogbara, R.B. & Masad, E.A. & Kassem, E. & Scarpas, A. & Anupam, K. A state-of the art. review of parameters influencing measurement and modelling of skid resistance of asphalt pavements. Construction & Building Materials. 2016. Vol. 114. P. 602-617.
- 10. Perez-Acebo, H. & Gonzalo-Orden, H. & Roji, E. Skid resistance prediction for new two-lane roads. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.17.00045.
- 11. Wang, D. & Chen, X. & Yin, C. & Oeser, M. & Steinauer, B. Influence of different polishing conditions on the skid resistance development of asphalt surface. 2013. Wear. Vol. 308. No. 1. P 71-78.
- 12. Perez-Acebo, H. & Gonzalo-Orden, H. & Roji, E. Analysis of the centrifuge acceleration variation concept in the calculation of clothoids through road geometric design regulations in Spain. Carreteras. 2017. Vol. 212. P. 56-66.
- 13. Banerjee, I. & Ho Lee, J. & Jank, K. & Pande, S. & Ragland, D.R. In: Rest areas: Reducing accidents involving driver fatigue. Berkeley: UC Berkeley Traffic Safety Center. 2009. 333 p.
- 14. Gates, T. & Savolainen, P. & Datta, T. & Todd, R. Economic Assessment of Public Rest Areas and Traveler information Centers on Limited-Access Freeways. Transportation Research Record. 2013. Vol. 2346. P. 63-71. Available at: https://trrjournalonline.trb.org/doi/abs/10.3141/2346-08.
- 15. McArthur, A. & Kay, J. & Savolainen, P. & Gates, T. Effect of public rest areas on fatigue-related crashes. In: Transportation Research Record. 2013. Vol. 2386. P. 16-25. Available at: https://trrjournalonline.trb.org/doi/abs/10.3141/2386-03.
- 16. Ministerstwo Transportu i Gospodarki Morskiej. Dz.U.2016.0.124 t.j. - Rozporządzenie Ministra Transportu i Gospodarki Morskiej z dnia 2 marca 1999 r. w sprawie warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać drogi publiczne i ich usytuowanie. Warsaw. 1999. [In Polish: Ministry of Transport and Maritime Economy. Regulation of the Minister of Transport and Maritime Economy of March 2, 1999 regarding technical conditions to be met by public roads and their location. Warsaw].
- 17. Ministerio de Obras Publicas, Transportes y Medio Ambiente. In: Orden Circular 320/94 – C. Y E. Áreas de servicio. Madrid: Direccion General de Carreteras. 1994. 30 p. [In Spanish: Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Environment. Order 320/94. Service areas. Madrid. General Directorate for Roads]. Available at: https://www.fomento.gob.es/NR/rdonlyres/
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-a603d772-ee4c-4aa9-b640-41cd2531c9b9