Challenges related to unmanned aerial vehicles

• Autorzy: Tomaszycki Marek , Krawczyk Jacek

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.37055/pno/130386

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EC) No. 2018/1139 (known as NBR - New Basic Regulation) on common rules in the field of civil aviation was introduced in order to regulate the issue of UAVs - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, in all weight categories. It represents a new regulatory approach, which is of major importance in the field of European aviation legislation. Until the new regulation came into force, UAVs with a maximum take-off weight (MTOM) below 150 kg were subject to the regulations of authorities of individual EU Member States. The NBR introduced by implementing acts in the field of UAV forces the national aviation authorities of states to change the regulations currently in force. The most important issues that need to be standardised include the requirement to enter UAVs with the MTOW equal to or lower than 25 kg in the aircraft register, granting the BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) fight approval and the UAVO (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operator) certification process. In the author's opinion, what may be difficult and dangerous for safety in the airspace is the transitional period. During that time, manufacturers, airspace users and ATS (Air Traffic Service) will have to perform their tasks keeping in mind that it is a period when the new legal regulations currently prepared for entry into force will affect the entire sector related to unmanned aviation, which will also have an impact on manned aviation. Purpose: The purpose of the article is to discuss the basic challenges posed by the currently developed technology of unmanned aerial vehicles. Method: The scientific methods used in the paper include analysis, criticism of the literature on the subject and logical construction. Results: The article shows the differences between the existing regulations and those proposed by the European Commission and EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency). In addition, it presents the process of granting the approval to perform air operations by manned aircraft.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

UAV; NBR; UAVO; VLOS/BVLOS; drone

PL

UAV; BSP; NBR; UAVO; VLOS/BVLOS; bezzałogowy statek powietrzny; dron

• Wydawca: Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
• Czasopismo: Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: R. 5, Nr 9
• Strony: 103--115
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 15 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Tomaszycki Marek

• Faculty of Management, Military University of Land Forces in Wrocław, ul. Piotra Czajkowskiego 109, 51-147 Wrocław

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-0954

autor

Krawczyk Jacek

• Helena Chodkowska University of Technology and Economics in Warsaw, ul. Jagiellońska 82f, 03-301 Warszawa

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-7099

Bibliografia

• [1] Helnarska, K.J., Krawczyk, J. & Korytek, Ł. (2018) ‘The specificity of crossing air borders by civil and state aircraft’, MATEC Web of Conferences 236, 01005 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823601005, LOGI 2018.
• [2] Kozuba, J., Krawczyk, J., & Korytek, Ł. (2018) ‘The impact of air traffic increases on the safety of air operations in the Polish airspace’, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology, Series Transport, 98, pp. 53-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2018.98.6.
• Other sources
• 1. EASA standards (Officila Publication) - Certification Specifications for Normal-Category Aeroplanes (CS-23), earlier coded for JAR 23.
• 2. ICAO, Annex 2 Air Traffic Regulations, Wydanie dziesiąte, Lipiec 2005 r.
• 3. ICAO, Annex 8 Airworthiness Of Aircraft, Wydanie jedenaste, Lipiec 2010.
• 4. ICAO, Annex 11 Air Traffic Services. Wydanie ósme, Lipiec 2004 r.
• 5. International Civil Aviation Convention signed on 7 December 1944. (OJ of 26 June 1959).
• 6. Regulation of March 26, 2013, on the Exclusion of Some Provisions of the Aviation Law Act for Certain Types of Aircraft and Determining the Conditions and Requirements Relating to the Use of Such Aircraft, which sets out the rules for operation of UAS weighing less than 25 kg (Dz. U. z 2013 r. poz. 440).
• 7. Regulation of June 3, 2013, on Certificates of Competency applicable to the operators of UAS (Dz. U. z 2013 r. Nr 664).
• 8. Regulation of April 26, 2013, on the Technical and Operational Rules on Aircraft of Special Category, Not Subject to the Supervision of the European Aviation Safety Agency, which mostly applies to UAS weighing more than 25 (Dz. U. z 2013 r. Nr 524).
• 9. Regulation of August 8, 2016 amending the regulation on the Exclusion of Some Provisions of the Aviation Law Act for Certain Types of Aircraft and Determining the Conditions and Requirements Relating to the Use of Such Aircraft. (Dz. U. z 2016 r. Poz. 1317).
• 10. Rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady nr 2018/1139 w sprawie wspólnych zasad w dziedzinie lotnictwa cywilnego i utworzenia Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Lotniczego oraz zmieniające rozporządzenie Parlamentu © Copyright by Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna w Warszawie, Warszawa 2020 Europejskiego i Rady (WE) nr 211/2005, (WE) nr 1008/2008, (UE) nr 996/2010, (UE) nr 376/2014, i dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady Europejskiej nr 214/30 UE i 2014/53/UE, a także uchylające rozporządzenie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (WE) 552/2014 i (WE) nr 216/2008 i Rozporządzenie Rady (EWG) nr 3922/91.
• 11. Rozporządzenie delegowane Komisji (UE) 2019/945 z dnia 12 marca 2019 r. w sprawie bezzałogowych systemów statków powietrznych oraz operatorów bezzałogowych systemów powietrznych z państw trzecich.
• 12. Rozporządzenie wykonawcze Komisji (UE) 2019/947 z dnia 24 maja 2019 r. w sprawie przepisów i procedur dotyczących eksploatacji bezzałogowych statków powietrznych.
• 13. Ustawa z dnia 3 lipca 2002 r. – Prawo lotnicze Dz. U. 2018. Poz. 1183

Uwagi

1. Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).

2. Dwa liczbowania bibliografii.