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Spatiotemporal variation of drift and upstream movements of the amphipod Gammarus fossarum in a small unaltered stream

Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Stream invertebrates use ‘drift’ or downstream transport in the water column to disperse, but they also actively move upstream against current. These movements have important role in re-colonization of empty stream reaches and in regulation of population size. For more than half a century, research of stream drift was stimulated by the problem of ‘drift paradox’, i.e. the question how upstream reaches of streams remain inhabited despite constant and often ample losses of individuals by drift. In this study we examined drift and upstream movements of the amphipod Gammarus fossarum through monthly sampling over one-year period at two sites in the upper and middle course of a small unaltered stream in the northwest Croatia. Differences in tendency to drift and to move upstream and effects of environmental factors (temperature, flow, population density and detritus dry weight) on the movement dynamics on both temporal and spatial scale were examined for three size categories (adults, subadults and juveniles). While seasonal variations of drift and upstream movements were similar at two examined sites, at the middle course we recorded higher density, and higher drift and upstream movement rates. In both drift and upstream movements, adults were the most represented size category. In subadults and juveniles, both type of movements depended on population density. Adult upstream movements peaked in November and May/June, with massive upstream movements in May in the middle course. Seasonality of diurnal and nocturnal drift was very similar at both sites, while seasonality of diurnal and nocturnal upstream movements differed between the sites. Out of four examined independent environmental factors, density and temperature had the most important positive effect on spatiotemporal variations of diurnal drift, while nocturnal drift was more strongly affected by density and flow. Temperature was the most significant driver of diurnal upstream movements, while nocturnal upstream movements were most significantly positively affected by density. Massive upstream movements were driven by overcrowding and enabled adults to colonize microhabitats where food is more abundant and competition is less severe.
Rocznik
Strony
769--784
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 45 poz., il.
Twórcy
autor
  • Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Division of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
autor
  • Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Division of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
autor
  • Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Division of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Bibliografia
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  • 7. Elliott J.M. 2002a – A continuous study of the total drift of freshwater shrimps, Gammarus pulex, in a small stony stream in the English Lake District – Freshwat. Biol. 47: 75–86.
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  • 10. Goedmakers A. 1980 – Population dynamics of three gammarid species (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in French chalks stream. Part I. General aspects and environmental factors – Bijdr. Dierk. 50: 1–34.
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  • 17. Hultin L. 1971 – Upstream movements of Gammarus pulex pulex (Amphipoda) in a South Swedish stream – Oikos, 22: 329–347.
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  • 19. Humphries S., Ruxton G.D. 2002 – Is there really a drift paradox? – J. Anim. Ecol. 71: 151–154.
  • 20. Hynes H.B.N. 1970 – The ecology of running waters – University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 555 pp.
  • 21. Kohler S.L. 1985 – Identification of stream drift mechanisms: an experimental and observational approach – Ecology, 66: 1749–1761.
  • 22. Legendere P., Legendere L. 1998 – Numerical Ecology – Elsevier, Amsterdam, 870 pp.
  • 23. Lehmann U. 1967 – Drift und Populationsdynamik von Gammarus pulex fossarum Koch – Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere, 60: 227–274.
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  • 33. Pachepsky E., Lutscher F., Nisbet R.M., Lewis M.A. 2005 – Persistence, spread and the drift paradox – Theor. Popul. Biol. 67: 61–73.
  • 34. Pieper H.-G. 1978 – Ökophysiologische und produktionbiologische Untersuchungen an Jugendstadien von Gammarus fossarum – Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 54: 257–327.
  • 35. Pöckl M. 1993 – Reproductive potential and lifetime potential fecundity of the freshwater amphipods Gammarus fossarum and G. roeseli in Austrian streams and rivers – Freshwat. Biol. 30: 73–91.
  • 36. Pöckl M., Humpesch U.H. 1990 – Intra- and inter-specific variation in egg survival and brood development time for Austrian populations of Gammarus fossarum and G. roeseli (Crustacea: Amphipoda) – Freshwat. Biol. 23: 441–455.
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  • 38. Waters T.F. 1961 – Standing crop and drift of stream bottom organisms – Ecology, 42: 532–537.
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  • 41. Waters T.F. 1972 – The drift of stream insects – Annu. Rev. Entomol. 17: 253–272.
  • 42. Williams D.D., Moore K.A. 1982 – The effect of environmental factors on the activity of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus (Amphipoda) – Hydrobiologia, 96: 137–147.
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  • 44. Williams D.D., Williams N.E. 1993 – The upstream/downstream movement paradox of lotic invertebrates: quantitative evidence from a Welsh mountain stream – Freshwat. Biol. 30: 199–218.
  • 45. Zar J.H. 1996 – Biostatistical analysis – Prentice–Hall International, Inc., London, 662 pp.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-a55af6fe-0a05-4c99-bee0-616039c8ea84
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