COVID-19: Vaccine Hesitancy in Africa and the Way Forward

• Autorzy: Omeiza Lukman Ahmed , Azad Abul Kalam , Kozak Kateryna , Mafo Abaniwo Rose , Mamudu Ukashat , Oseyemen Daniel Aikhonmu

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.35784/pe.2022.2.05

Warianty tytułu

PL

COVID-19: konsekwencje powstrzymywania się przed szczepieniami w Afryce

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

COVID-19 pandemic took the world by storm in late 2019, scientists and health authorities across the globe struggle to contain the deadly virus. Socio-economic activities across the globe were partly halted as countries around the world introduce various forms of restrictions to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Most developing countries’ economies, especially in Africa, slid into recession, unemployment among Africa countries skyrocketed to an all-time high, and famine and starvation were beginning to knock harder on poorer nations around the world. The race to develop a vaccine was pressing harder; developed countries continue to pump more money to help develop a vaccine within the shortest period of time, as that seems the only viable solution to the economic downturn of the global world. Finally, vaccines were developed and proved to have high efficacy. This has helped reverse the negative trend of the global economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This vaccine faced a lot of global scrutinies; people have refused to get vaccinated and have also rejected the idea of making COVID-19 vaccination compulsory for citizens worldwide. This study analyzes the challenges posed by this ugly trend of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in African countries, its socio-economic consequences and the way forward.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

hesitancy; economy; COVID-19; Africa; vaccines

PL

wahanie; ekonomia; COVID-19; szczepionka

• Wydawca: Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Problemy Ekorozwoju
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 17, nr 2
• Strony: 39--46
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 31 poz., fig., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Omeiza Lukman Ahmed

• Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-3010

autor

Azad Abul Kalam

• Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-3463

autor

Kozak Kateryna

• Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ternopil, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-8492

autor

Mafo Abaniwo Rose

• Kogi State University Anyigba, Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State, Nigeria

autor

Mamudu Ukashat

• Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Science, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-5277

autor

Oseyemen Daniel Aikhonmu

• Concordia University, Department of Control Engineering, Montreal, Canada

Bibliografia

• 1. ABIA A., 2020, In Africa: fewer cases so far, and more preparation needed. The Conservation. https://theconversation.com/covid-19-inafrica-fewer-cases-so-far-and more-preparation-needed-133539.
• 2. Africa-CDC, 2020, Covid-19: Update in Africa. https://twitter.com/AfricaCDC/status/1242724814458105857, May 25.
• 3. AKPOJI U., AMOS M. E., MCMILLAN K., SIMS S., RIFE K., (2022a), Exercising empathy: Pharmacists possess skills to increase coronavirus vaccine confidence, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 62(1): 296-301, DOI:10.1016/j.japh.2021.07.016.
• 4. BAIR H., 2022, With an end in sight, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 63(4): e445-e446, DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.07.015.
• 5. BETH P. B., INGER K. D., JERNIGAN, D.B., KENYON T.A., NICHOL S.T., O'CONNOR J.P., & Jordan W. TAPPERO J.W., 2016, Overview, Control Strategies, and Lessons Learned in the CDC Response to the 2014–2016 Ebola Epidemic, CDC, July 8, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/su/su6503a2.htm#contribAff.
• 6. BLOOM D., CAFIERO E., MCGOVERN M., PRETTNER K., STANCIOLE A., WEISS J., BAKKILA S., ROSENBERG L., 2013, The Economic Impact of Non-Communicable Disease in China and India: Estimates, Projections, and Comparisons, DOI: 10.3386/w19335.
• 7. CHEEMA S. (ed.)., 2020, Governance for Urban Services, Springer Singapore, DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2973-3.
• 8. CHIRISA I., MMAYHIMA B., NYEVERA T., CHIGUDU A., MAKOCHEKANWA A., MATAI J., MASUNDA T., CHANAENGERWA E. K., MACHINGURA F., MOYO S., CHIRISA H., MHLOYI M., MURWISA A., MHANDARA L., KATSANDE R., MUCHENA K., MMANJEYA E., NYIKA T., MUNDAU L., 2021, The impact and implications of COVID-19: Reflections on the Zimbabwean society, Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 4(1): 100183, DOI:10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100183.
• 9. DAN-NWAFOR C., OCHU C. L., ELIMIAN K., OLADEJO J., ILORI E., UMEOKONKWO C., STEINHARDT L., IGUMBOR E., WAGAIJ., OKWOR T., ADERINOLA O., MBA N., HASSAN A., DALHAT M., JINADU K., BADARU S., ARINZE C., JAFIYA A., DISU Y., IHEKWEAZU C., 2020, Nigeria's public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic: January to May 2020, Journal of Global Health, 10(2), DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020399.
• 10. DAOU M., (2020), Is Africa, with its low rates so far, ready to face the coronavirus pandemic, France24, https://www.france24.com/en/20200312-is-africa-with-its-low-rates-so-far-ready-to-face-thecoronavirus-pandemic.
• 11. DESSON Z., KAUER L., OTTEN T., PETERS J. W., PAOLUCCI F., 2021, Finding the way forward: COVID-19 vaccination progress in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, Health Policy and Technology, 100584, DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.100584.
• 12. DUDHILL H., PILLAI A., 2022, P.11 Improving COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnant women: a local quality improvement project, International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 50S: 12, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103307.
• 13. GIBERT M., PULLANO G., PINOTTI F., VALDANO E., POLETTO C., BOELLE P.-Y., D’ORENZIO E., YAZDANPANAH Y., EHOLIE S. P., ALTMANN M., GUTIERREZ B., KKRAEMER M. U. G., COLIZZA V., 2020, Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against importations of COVID-19: a modelling study, The Lancet, 395(10227): 871-877, DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30411-6.
• 14. GLASSMAN A., 2020, Coronavirus and low-income countries: ready to respond, Center for Global Development, https://www.cgdev.org/blog/coronavirus-and-low-income-countries-ready-respond.
• 15. HAIRSINE K., 2020, Africa has been spared so far from coronavirus, Deutshe Welle, https://www.dw.com/en/aboutdw/profile/s-30688.
• 16. HANSROD Z. (2020). China makes massive donation of medical supplies to fight coronavirus in Africa, RFI, http://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20200323-china-africa-coronavirus-alibaba-health-medicalequipment.
• 17. HOLMES C., BOYCE M., KATZ R., 2020, Africa is not Starting from Scratch on COVID-19', Think Global Health, https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/africa-not-starting-scratch-covid-19.
• 18. IMF, 2020, World Economic outlook.
• 19. LUKMAN A.O., SALAWUDEEN A. T., 2019, Improving The Effectiveness Of Geregu Electrical Power Network. Proceedings Of the IV International Conference On the Theoretical And Applied Aspects In Radio Engineering, Instrument Making And Computer Technologies: 313-316.
• 20. MACFARLANE C., LITCHFIELD K., SISK J., 2022, A digital future in antenatal education-unintentional benefits from a pandemic, International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 50S: P12, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103308.
• 21. MOE, 2018, Statistical report on international students in China, Ministry of Education China, http://en.moe.gov.cn/news/press_releases/201904/t20190418_378586.html.
• 22. NKENGASONG J. N., MANKOULA W., 2020, Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast, The Lancet, 395(10227): 841-842, DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30464-5.
• 23. NORDLING L., 2020, A ticking time bomb: Scientist worry about coronavirus spread in Africa, Science Mag, March 27, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/ticking-time-bomb-scientists-worry-about-coronavirus-spread-africa.
• 24. OMEIZA L. A., 2020, Discrete-Time Controller Design for Pitch Channel, International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 8(5): 2192-2202, DOI: 10.22214/ijraset.2020.5360.
• 25. OPPENHEIM B., GALIVAN M., MADHAV N. K., BROWN N., SERHIYENKO V., WOLFE N. D., AYSCUE P., 2019, Assessing global preparedness for the next pandemic: development and application of an Epidemic Preparedness Index, BMJ Global Health, 4(1): e001157, DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001157.
• 26. PETERSEN E., SCHLAGENHAUF P., LEE S. S., BLUMBERG L., KRAMER L., OBIERO C., AL-ABRI S., CUNHA F., PETROSILLO N., DI Caro A., GAUTRET P., SHAFI S., ABUKABAR A., PINTO T. C. A., MEMISH Z., HUI D. S. C., ZUMLA, GROBUSCH M. P., 2021, Mandatory immunization against SARS-CoV-2 of athletes, companions and supporters for the Tokyo Olympics, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 108: 156-158, DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.001.
• 27. RAGE S., 2020, Economic vulnerability to the coronavirus. At risk, https://www.odi.org/blogs/16639-economic-vulnerabilitiescoronavirus-top-countries-risk.
• 28. RIOTTA C., 2020, Bloomberg donates $40 million to battle coronavirus – after spending 17 times as much on failed presidential campaign. Independent.
• 29. SAN B., STEPHANY G.-J., SONY K., STEPHEN K., VERA S., DIRK W., TE V., 2020, Saving Africa's private sector jobs during the coronavirus pandemic.
• 30. ULLAH I., KHAN K. S., TAHIR M. J., AHMED A., HARAPAN H., 2021a,. Myths and conspiracy theories on vaccines and COVID-19: Potential effect on global vaccine refusals, Vacunas (English Edition), 22(2): 93-97, 10.1016/j.vacune.2021.01.009.
• 31. WHO, 2020, The Global Health Observatory, Surveillance, https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/points-of-entry

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).