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Environmental Crimes of Early Romanian Communism: Focus on the Enemies of Agriculture

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Warianty tytułu
PL
Przestępstwa środowiskowe wczesnego komunizmu w Rumunii: działania wobec tzw. wrogów rolnictwa
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The early beginning of the communist regime in Romania was influenced by transformations of agriculture (including husbandry and fishing), forced to develop intensively (replacing traditional technologies with mechanical ones) and extensively (by taking over natural systems, such as the wetlands). Since the yield did not increase as expected, the conflict with nature was aggravated by finding enemies among the species situated at the top of food chains, blamed for the losses. In order to expedite the outcomes of fighting against these species, media campaigns were developed in parallel with awards given to hunters and people who became part of the war. This paper attempts to correlate the environmental impact of campaigns against certain species with the loss of biodiversity based on statistical data. The analysis indicated that there were direct campaigns to eliminate species conflicting with economy and collateral victims. Each case study illustrates a different point; bustards were eliminated by carelessness (although protected, their status was not enforced); the pelican was eliminated due to insufficient knowledge and contrasting recommendations; and wolf was sentenced to death consciously. The results indicate that although many authors parallel nowadays communist and environmentalist policies, the real communist practices had a strong deleterious environmental impact despite a pro-environmentalist appearance.
PL
Początkom reżimu komunistycznego w Rumunii towarzyszyły istotne transformacje w rolnictwie (odnoszące się m.in. do hodowli i rybołówstwa), będące zarazem intensywne (mechanizacja w miejsce tradycyjnych metod gospodarowania) i ekstensywne (przekształcanie naturalnych ekosystemów, takich jak mokradła). Ponieważ plony nie wzrosły zgodnie z oczekiwaniami, konflikt z naturą został wzmocniony przez poszukiwanie wrogów wśród gatunków znajdujących się na szczycie łańcucha pokarmowego i obwinianie ich winą za straty. W celu poprawy rezultatów walki z tymi gatunkami, przygotowano kampanie medialne, równolegle wprowadzając nagrody dla myśliwych i innych osób, które stały się częścią wojny. W tym artykule, opierając się na danych statystycznych, podjęto próbę połączenia przyrodniczych skutków wspomnianych kampanii z ich wpływem na zmniejszenie bioróżnorodności. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, ze wśród przeprowadzonych kampanii medialnych wskazać można na te, które miały na celu wyeliminowanie konkretnych gatunków, nie pasujących do przyjętej ekonomii. Każdy przypadek odzwierciedla inne uwarunkowania; dropie zostały wyeliminowane przez niedbalstwo (chronione tylko formalnie, a nie w rzeczywistości); Pelikan został wyeliminowany z powodu niewystarczającej wiedzy i sprzecznych zaleceń; a wilk został skazany na śmierć świadomie. Należy podkreślić, że choć wielu autorów promuje obecnie politykę komunistyczną i ekologiczną, to rzeczywiste praktyki komunistyczne wywarły zdecydowanie szkodliwy wpływ na środowisko, pomimo ich pozornie proekologicznego wyglądu.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Strony
175--184
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 85 poz., fig.
Twórcy
  • Doctoral School of Urban Planning, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Str. Academiei 18-20, Bucharest, Romania, 010014
  • Department of Managerial Assistance, Administrative Assistance and Applied Information Technology, Faculty of Letters, University of Bucharest, Str. Edgar Quinet 5-7, Bucharest, Romania, 010017
Bibliografia
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Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-a4934594-74e8-4d83-bcf2-33182ec969e1
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