Badanie zanieczyszczeń powietrza oddziałujących na dzieci w przedszkolu miejskim zlokalizowanym przy drodze o dużym natężeniu ruchu

• Autorzy: Mainka A. , Zajusz-Zubek E. , Kozielska B. , Brągoszewska E.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Children exposure to air pollutants in nursery school near a major road in urban area

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów stężeń lotnych związków organicznych (LZO), pyłu całkowitego (TSP), frakcji PM10, PM2,5 i PM1 oraz bioaerozoli. Wykonywano również pomiary stężenia CO2 jako wskaźnika skuteczności systemu wentylacji. Pomiary przeprowadzono w okresie grzewczym w dwóch salach opiekuńczych (dzieci w wieku 3-6 lat) oraz na zewnątrz budynku przedszkola położonego w centrum Gliwic (Górny Śląsk) przy drodze o dużym natężeniu ruchu. Wyniki badań wskazują na gorsze warunki co do jakości powietrza wewnątrz. Dla sumy 16 LZO stosunki stężeń wewnątrz i na zewnątrz budynku (I/O) w zależności od sali wahały się od 2 do 5, dla pyłu PM10 sięgały 4, a dla PM2,5 wynosiły około 2. W przypadku bioaerozoli grzybowych średni wskaźnik I/O sięgał 2, natomiast dla aerozoli bakteryjnych przekraczał 8. Jednocześnie ciągłe pomiary stężeń CO2 wykazały dominujący udział niskiej jakości powietrza podczas przebywania dzieci w obu salach przedszkola. Wyniki wskazują na niewystarczającą skuteczność systemu wentylacji, co może negatywnie wpływać na zdrowie i samopoczucie dzieci.

EN

Children are particularly sensitive to pollutants. The reason for this is that, according to body weight, they breathe in more air than adults. Moreover, due to rapid growth, their immature immune system is more vulnerable to damage than already mature organisms. Children aged 3 to 6 spend large amounts of time indoors, so there is a necessity to evaluate the quality of air in nursery schools. This study investigated the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) and bioaerosols. The concentration of CO2 was monitored as the indicator of ventilation efficiency. The measurements were performed during winter, in two classrooms and outside the nursery school building located in the centre of Gliwice (Upper Silesia), near a road with high traffic. Outdoor concentrations were lower than those indoors for each inspected classroom. For the sum of 16 VOCs, the I/O ratio, depending on classroom, varied from 2 to 5, PM10 reached 4 and for PM2.5, the ratio was about 2. For fungi bioaerosols, the average I/O ratio was about 2, while for bacteria, aerosols exceeded 8. The evaluation of indoor air quality (IAQ) based on CO2 concentration differed from averaging time. Taking into consideration the 24 hour distribution of CO2 concentration in both classrooms dominated the first category of indoor air quality (WEW1), we can expect that children stayed in the environment with high air quality, however, this was not the case. During children’s nursery school attendance for the duration of the working day and throughout five-hour elementary nursery care, the air inside classrooms was mostly 65 to 72% of poor quality (WEW4). In the case of certain pollutants, significant differences in air quality were found between the classrooms of older (I) and younger (II) children. For fungal bioaerosols, the concentration was twice as high in the classroom of younger children (II) compared to the classroom of older children (I). However, in the case of particulate matter, for all studied fractions (TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1), concentrations were about twice as high in classroom I compared to classroom II. This confirms the important role of particulate matter resuspension in classroom I as a result of the intensive activity of older children. Compared to the classroom of older children (I), in the classroom of younger children (II) there were more absorbent materials; hence, we expected higher concentrations of VOCs associated with secondary sources. However, concentrations of VOCs did not confirm this relationship. In the case of bacterial bioaerosols, no significant differences were observed between the classrooms. Continuous measurements of CO2 concentrations showed that in the classroom of older children (I), the air was negligibly worse than in the classroom of younger children (II); this may have been due to the lower efficiency of the natural ventilation system on the first floor of the investigated building.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

powietrze wewnętrzne; lotne związki organiczne; pył zawieszony; bioaerozol; dwutlenek węgla

EN

indoor air; children; volatile organic compounds; particulate matter; bioaerosols; carbon dioxide

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: T. 18, nr 1
• Strony: 119--133
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 42 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Mainka A.

• Politechnika Śląska, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki, Katedra Ochrony Powietrza, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice

autor

Zajusz-Zubek E.

• Politechnika Śląska, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki, Katedra Ochrony Powietrza, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice

autor

Kozielska B.

• Politechnika Śląska, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki, Katedra Ochrony Powietrza, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice

autor

Brągoszewska E.

• Politechnika Śląska, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki, Katedra Ochrony Powietrza, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice

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