Improving Ballistic Resistance of Armor Steel by FCAW with Hardfacing Alloys of Fe–Mo–Mn–B–C System

• Autorzy: Prysyazhnyuk Pavlo , Biały Witold , Bembenek Michał , Panchuk Vitalii , Medvid Iuliia , Duriagina Zoia , Romanyshyn Taras , Vytvytskyi Vasyl

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/mspe-2025-0036

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Armor steels can be strengthened against modern ballistic threats through surface hardfacing with advanced Fe-based alloys. This study develops a series of flux-cored arc welded (FCAW) hardfacing alloys in the Fe–Mo–Mn–B–C system to enhance the ballistic resistance of Armox® 440T steel. Single-layer (~3 mm) hardfacings were deposited on 6 mm armor plates using an automated hardfacing device, and subsequently characterized with respect to their microstructure, phase composition, and ballistic performance. Thermodynamic calculations and microscopy revealed an austenitic matrix reinforced by hard boride inclusions. By increasing the Mo and B concentrations, the alloy solidification shifted from a primary austenite + austenite boride mixture to a primary boride + austenite boride mixture structure. The compositions with high Mo:B ratio yielded a ~25% volume fraction of Mo2(Fe,Mn)B2 borides. Ballistic tests using 7.62 mm steel-core bullets (~830 m/s) showed that uncoated Armox 440T was completely perforated, whereas all hardfaced plates prevented penetration. Notably, coatings with higher boride content eliminated rear-side spalling, indicating superior energy absorption and projectile fragmentation. These findings demonstrate that FCAW-applied hypereutectic Fe–Mo–Mn–B–C hardfacing alloys can significantly improve the ballistic performance of armor plates.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

hardfacing; flux-cored arc welding; boride reinforcement; Armox 440T; ballistic resistance; austenitic manganese steel

• Wydawca: STE GROUP
• Czasopismo: Management Systems in Production Engineering
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: nr 3 (33)
• Strony: 380--387
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 42 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Prysyazhnyuk Pavlo

• Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Robotics Department of Computerized Mechanical Engineering Karpatska 15, 076019 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8325-3745

autor

Biały Witold

• KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology Pszczyńska 37, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-0230

autor

Bembenek Michał

• AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Department of Manufacturing Systems Adama Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-8058

autor

Panchuk Vitalii

• Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Robotics Department of Computerized Mechanical Engineering Karpatska 15, 076019 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-280X

autor

Medvid Iuliia

• Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Robotics Department of Computerized Mechanical Engineering Karpatska 15, 076019 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7613-9189

autor

Duriagina Zoia

• Lviv Polytechnic National University, Departament of Materials Science and Materials Ingineering Stepan Bandera Street 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-3849

autor

Romanyshyn Taras

• Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Institute of Information Technologies Department of Software Engineering Karpatska 15, 076019 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-1537

autor

Vytvytskyi Vasyl

• Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Robotics Department of Technical Mechanics, Engineering and Computer Graphics Karpatska 15, 076019 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3682-1612

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