Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
This paper presents a review of reasons that create metrological chaos in the field of characterization of noise in thermal imagers. In detail, the paper presents a critical review of myriads of past and present-day definitions/measurement methods of noise parameters of thermal imagers that create this chaos and significantly reduce reproducibility of measurement of noise parameters carried out by different test teams.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
1--21
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 36 poz., rys., tab., wykr., wzory
Twórcy
autor
- Military University of Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
- INFRAMET, Bugaj 29a, Koczargi Nowe, 05-082 Stare Babice, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] SPIE Digital Library. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org
- [2] Bell, P.A., Hoover, C.W., Jr, & Pruchnic, S.J., Jr. (1993). Standard NETD test procedure for FLIR systems with video outputs. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.154715
- [3] Li, Y., Pan, D., Yang, C., & Luo, Y. (2007). NETD test of high-sensitivity infrared camera. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.783521
- [4] Krupiński, M., Chmielewski, K., Bareła, J., & Kastek, M. (2017). Test stand and procedures for estimating parameters of microbolometer detector. Measurement Automation Monitoring, 63(2), 73-75.
- [5] Fucu, H., Dongpeng, S., Ye, Z., Chang, L., Zhinan, G., & Yanan, W. (2021b). Development and application of infrared imaging check and evaluation system. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2005(1), 012067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2005/1/012067
- [6] FLIR. (2024, December 20). FLIR Cameras - How is NETD of cooled cameras measured? https://flir.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/128/related/1
- [7] PULSAR. (n.d.). Thermal Imaging Technologies. https://www.pulsar-nv.com/glo/support/thermal-imaging-technologies/2232/
- [8] Sofradir EC. (2011). Understanding Infrared Camera Thermal Image Quality. https://www.lynred-usa.com/media/wp-understanding-tiq-v06-web.pdf
- [9] ASTM E1543-00 (2011), Standard Test Method for Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference of Thermal Imaging Systems, ASTM International, 2011.
- [10] HGH Infrared Systems. FAQ: Electro-optical testing, NETD, MRTD, MTF. https://hgh-infrared.com/infrared-testing-faq/
- [11] CI Systems - Electro Optical Testing & Measurement. (2012, December 13). NETD Test |FLIR Testing|CI Systems [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iV83NOL-DzY
- [12] Inframet (n.d.). Thermal imagers. https://www.inframet.com/thermal_imagers.htm
- [13] Santa Barbara Infrared, Inc. (2014, October 17). Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD) - Santa Barbara Infrared (SBIR) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LGwjsulf2M
- [14] Holst, G.C. (1998). Testing and evaluation of infrared imaging systems (2nd ed.). JCD Pub.
- [15] Chrzanowski, K. (2010). Testing Thermal Imagers: Practical Guidebook. Military University of Technology.
- [16] Haefner, D.P., Burks, S.D., & Preece, B. (2023). Decomposing measured noise cubes: SiTF, 3D noise, uniformity, and drift. SPIE, Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXXIV. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2663351
- [17] Rogers, R.K., Edwards, W.D., Waddle, C.E., Dobbins, C.L., & Wood, S.B. (2014). Reporting NETD: why measurement techniques matter. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050559
- [18] Burks, S.D., Haefner, D.P., & Burks, T.J. (2015). Signal intensity transfer function determination on thermal systems with stray light or scattering present. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2178150
- [19] European Machine Vision Association. (2021). Standard for Characterization of Image Sensors and Cameras, Release 4.0 General (EMVA Standard 1288).
- [20] Dupont, B., Chammings, G., Rapellin, G., Mandier, C., Tchagaspanian, M., Dupont, B., Peizerat, A., & Yon, J.J. (2008). New readout integrated circuit using continuous time fixed pattern noise correction. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.779279
- [21] Nghiem, J., Jaeck, J., Giard, E., Caes, M., Rodriguez, J., Christol, P., Haidar, R., Costard, E., & Ribet-Mohamed, I. (2017). MTF and FPN measurements to evaluate midwave infrared T2SL focal plane arrays. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251160
- [22] Tie-li, H., Shi-bang, M., Yu, G., Zhou, X., Si-wei, L., Qi, X., ... & Jun-ning, L. (2014). Spatial NETD measurement of thermal imager. Journal of Applied Optics, 35(6), 1094-1098.
- [23] North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (2023). Experimental assessment parameters and procedures for characterisation of advanced thermal imagers [RTO technical report 75 (II)].
- [24] Driggers, R.G., Vollmerhausen, R.H., & Krapels, K.A. (2001). Target identification performance as a function of temporal and fixed pattern noise. Optical Engineering, 40(3), 443. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1346583
- [25] Haefner, D.P., & Burks, S.D. (2023, June). Measurements and metrics of fixed pattern noise: a new procedure for thermal camera noise measurement. In Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXXIV (Vol. 12533, pp. 276-285). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2663353
- [26] Scott, L.B., & D’Agostino, J.A. (1992, September). NVEOD FLIR92 thermal imaging systems performance model. In Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing III (Vol. 1689, pp. 194-203). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.137950
- [27] D’Agostino, J.A., & Webb, C.M. (1991, September). Three-dimensional analysis framework and measurement methodology for imaging system noise. In Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing II (Vol. 1488, pp. 110-121). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.45794
- [28] O’Shea, P., & Sousk, S. (2005, May). Practical issues with 3D noise measurements and application to modern infrared sensors. In Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XVI (Vol. 5784, pp. 262-271). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.604588
- [29] Burks, S.D., & Nguyen, Q. (2012, May). Advanced trend removal in 3D noise calculation. In Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII (Vol. 8355, pp. 60-66). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.917726
- [30] Haefner, D.P., Preece, B.L., Doe, J.M., & Burks, S.D. (2016, May). Spatially resolved 3D noise. In Infrared Imaging Systems: Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXVII (Vol. 9820, pp. 116-125). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222905
- [31] Haefner, D.P. (2017). Power spectral density of 3D noise. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2260885
- [32] Bomzon, Z.E. (2010, October). Biases in the estimation of 3D noise in thermal imagers. In Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications VII (Vol. 7834, pp. 77-85). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.864848
- [33] LYNRED (2019, September 4). How to select best infrared detector for your needs. https://www.lynred.com/blog/how-select-best-infrared-detector-your-needs
- [34] LYNRED (n.d.). Pico640Gen2™ - Infrared Detector. https://www.lynred-usa.com/products/vga-resolution/pico640gen2-infrared-sensors.html
- [35] SAAB (n.d.). Rugged Camera Module - InfraRed. https://www.saab.com/globalassets/products/support-and-services/vehicle-electronics-solutions/oflf-1509-1-rcam-ir-product-sheet.pdf
- [36] TEMPSENS (n.d.). High Resolution LWIR Ultra Compact Infrared Camera for Non Contact Temperature Measurement. https://tempsens.com/thermcam-pro-640-high-resolution-long-wavelength-ultra-compact-infrared-camera.html
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-a2db2bfc-3476-439f-8c9e-7c4cad978c56
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.