Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A Review

• Autorzy: Hassan Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem , Kadir Aeslina Abdul , Arzlan Intan Seri Izzora , Tomari Mohd Razali Md , Mardi Noor Azizi , Hassan Mohd Fahrul , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Nabiałek Marcin , Jeż Bartłomiej

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/amm.2022.137488

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In this globalized era, building materials play an essential role in the civil engineering field. Nowadays, with the increase in population, the demand for construction activities is also increasing. Polyethylene (PET) bottles are among the most widely used materials and cause an abundance of non-degradable waste, at about 0.94 million tonnes in Malaysia. One of the alternatives to reduce this waste's environmental impact is to incorporate it inside building materials such as brick and concrete. As PET bottles' recycling is highly promoted, the physical and mechanical properties of building materials made from PET bottles have also been reviewed. The data analysis shows that the compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and density of building materials decreases as the percentage of PET waste increases. However, other properties such as water absorption, initial absorption rate, and firing shrinkage increase proportionally with the PET waste. Besides, heavy metals in these building materials comply with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards. It can be concluded that the percentage of PET waste incorporated into brick and concrete must be less than 5% and 2%, respectively, to produce suitable materials to provide alternatives in reducing and recycling PET waste.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

PET bottles; waste recycling; fired clay brick; concrete; environmental management

• Wydawca: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences ; Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 67, iss. 1
• Strony: 189--196
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Hassan Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem

• Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-934X

autor

Kadir Aeslina Abdul

• Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
• Center of Excellent Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-8744

autor

Arzlan Intan Seri Izzora

• Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-3487

autor

Tomari Mohd Razali Md

• Faculty of Electric and Electronic, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9850-7445

autor

Mardi Noor Azizi

• Faculty of Electric and Electronic, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-1061

autor

Hassan Mohd Fahrul

• Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-6735

autor

Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa

• Center of Excellent Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-8586

autor

Nabiałek Marcin

• Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-3918

autor

Jeż Bartłomiej

• Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-5946

Bibliografia

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Uwagi

1. The author would like to thank the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) fot the financial support through Multidisciplinary Research Grant (Vot H947). A special acknowledgement to the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, UTHM, provides the tools and facilities needed for this research.

2. Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).