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Nitrogen as an alloying element improving material properties of the high carbon cast steel for ball mill liner plates

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This paper presents an experimental analysis, which was carried out to evaluate the addition of nitrogen as an element complementing a chemical composition used for such cast parts. It has been demonstrated that nitrogen is very advantageous in the process of austenitizing and quenching, improving the stability and homogeneity of the alloy structure. Plates used as a lining of rotary mills operating in cement plants are castings, which acquire their properties mainly through proper heat treatment. Together with an appropriate microstructure and chemical composition, correct heat treatment allow to improve the wear resistance and significantly reduce the abrasive corrosion. Extensive investigations enabled establishing an optimum nitrogen content in the chemical composition of thick-walled castings used in cement industry. Results of experiments, managed for the steel of ledeburate type containing 0.8–1.2% of carbon, have found that the optimal level of nitrogen is in the amount of 0.07–0.10%. The proposed modification helped to reduce the amount of an expensive chromium, increase the hardness of the material (by about 2 HRC to 4 HRC), and to achieve the uniform microstructure and hardness, which noticeably improved the lifetime of the rotary mills plates.
Rocznik
Strony
926--934
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37 Street, Cracow, Poland
autor
  • Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37 Street, Cracow, Poland
autor
  • ABB Corporate Research, Starowislna 13A Street, Cracow, Poland
autor
  • Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37 Street, Cracow, Poland
autor
  • Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141 Street, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] E. Albertin, S.L. Moraes, Maximizing wear resistance of balls for grinding of coal, Wear 263 (1–6) (2007) 43–47.
  • [2] J.E. Sepúlveda, Methodologies for the evaluation of grinding media consumption rates at full plant scale, Minerals Engineering 17 (11–12) (2004) 1269–1279.
  • [3] Ch. Aldrich, Consumption of steel grinding media in mills – a review, Minerals Engineering 49 (2013) 77–91.
  • [4] B. Venkatesh, K. Sriker, V.S.V. Prabhakar, Wear characteristics of hardfacing alloys: state-of-the-art, Procedia Materials Science 10 (2015) 527–532.
  • [5] J.D. Gates, M.S. Dargusch, J.J. Walsh, S.L. Field, M.J.-P. Hermand, B.G. Delaup, J.R. Saad, Effect of abrasive mineral on alloy performance in the ball mill abrasion test, Wear 265 (5–6) (2008) 865–870.
  • [6] E. Albertin, A. Sinatora, Effect of carbide fraction and matrix microstructure on the wear of cast iron balls tested in a laboratory ball mill, Wear 250 (1–12) (2001) 492–501.
  • [7] J. Asensio, J.A. Pero-Sanz, J.I. Verdeja, Microstructure selection criteria for cast irons with more than 10 wt.% chromium for wear applications, Materials Characterization 49 (2) (2002) 83–93.
  • [8] G.B. Stachowiak, G.W. Stachowiak, O. Celliers, Ball-cratering abrasion tests of high-Cr white cast irons, Tribology International 38 (11–12) (2005) 1076–1087.
  • [9] L.R.D. Jensen, E. Fundal, P. Møller, M. Jespersen, Wear mechanism of abrasion resistant wear parts in raw material vertical roller mills, Wear 271 (11–12) (2011) 2707–2719.
  • [10] V.G. Efremenko, K. Shimizu, T. Noguchi, A.V. Efremenko, Y.G. Chabak, Impact-abrasive-corrosion wear of Fe-based alloys: influence of microstructure and chemical composition upon wear resistance, Wear 305 (1–2) (2013) 155–165.
  • [11] T.W. Chenje, D.J. Simbi, E. Navara, Relationship between microstructure, hardness, impact toughness and wear performance of selected grinding media for mineral ore milling operations, Materials and Design 25 (1) (2004) 11–18.
  • [12] A. Azizi, Investigating the controllable factors influencing the weight loss of grinding ball using SEM/EDX analysis and RSM model, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 18 (2) (2015) 278–285.
  • [13] M. Hawryluk, Review of selected methods of increasing the life of forging tools in hot die forging processes, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 16 (4) (2016) 845–866.
  • [14] R.E. Smallman, A.H.W. Ngan, Modern Physical Metallurgy, 8th ed., Elsevier, 2014.
  • [15] X.Y. Cheng, H.X. Zhang, H. Li, H.P. Shen, Effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties in mooring chain steel, Materials Science and Engineering A 636 (2015) 164–171.
  • [16] A.N. Allenstein, R.P. Cardoso, K.D. Machado, S. Weber, K.M.P. Pereira, C.A.L. Santos, Z. Panossian, A.J.A. Buschinelli, S.F. Brunatto, Strong evidences of tempered martensite-to-nitrogen-expanded austenite transformation in CA-6NM steel, Materials Science and Engineering A 552 (2012) 569–572.
  • [17] S.H. Salleck, M.Z. Omar, J. Sgarif, M.J. Ghazali, S. Abdullach, S. Sajuri, Investigation of microstructure and properties of 440C martensitic stainless steel, International Journal of Mechanical and Material Engineering 4 (2) (2009) 123–126.
  • [18] X.G. Tao, L.Zh. Han, J.F. Gu, Effect of tempering on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel, Materials Science and Engineering A 618 (2014) 189–204.
  • [19] L.M. Kaputkina, V.G. Prokoshkina, Martensitic transformations and martensite structure in thermomechanically strengthened high-nitrogen steels, Materials Science and Engineering A 438–440 (2006) 228–232.
  • [20] V.G. Prokoshkina, L.M. Kaputkina, Peculiarities of martensitic transformations and martensite structure in high nitrogen steels, Materials Science and Engineering A 481–482 (2008) 762–765.
  • [21] J. Schmidt, A. Kazakov, Investigation of CrNiN alloys properties as a material for propeller casting used by shipbuilding industry, in: Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Advanced Materials Processing, Rotorua, New Zealand, 2000.
  • [22] I.G. Rodionova, O.N. Baklanowa, K.A. Udod, N.G. Shaposhnikov, A.S. Melnichenko, Features of formation of the structure and properties of chromium corrosion-resistant steels alloyed with nitrogen, Metallurgist 59 (9) (2016) 904–911.
  • [23] V.G. Gavriljuk, Austenite and martensite in nitrogen-, carbon- and hydrogen-containing iron alloys: similarities and differences, Materials Science and Engineering A 438–440 (2006) 75–79.
  • [24] V.G. Gavriljuk, H. Barns, High Nitrogen Steels, Springer Verlag, 1999, , ISBN: 978-3-642-08567-3.
  • [25] J. Wiedermann, Nitrogen as an Alloying Element and its Influence on the Structure and Properties of Steel, Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza, Gliwice, 2002 (in Polish).
  • [26] Y.V.R.K. Prasad, K.P. Rao, S. Sasidhar, Hot Working Guide – A Compendium of Processing Maps, 2nd ed., ASM International, Ohio, 2015.
  • [27] K.Y. Suyalatu, A. Takaichi, N. Nomura, Y. Tsutsumi, H. Doi, S. Kurosu, A. Chiba, Y. Igarashi, T. Hanawa, Effects of chromium and nitrogen content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Co–Cr–Mo alloys for dental applications, Acta Biomaterialia 8 (7) (2012) 2856–2862.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017)
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-a0325d52-e68f-4150-b3a0-21837d2f1f88
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