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Rapid technological progress in the field of autonomous surface ships (MASS) has outpaced international regulations concerning the safety of their operation and various research centers and classification societies, which independently conduct work on requirements of MASS safety. The implementation of “remote” risk management during MASS voyages, with the support of remote operations center (ROC) operators, is generally recognized as key to safety in MASS operations. This paper presents issues related to the operation of MASS in the context of long-distance voyage planning, taking into account the risk management process. The factors initiating hazards in MASS operation are described with the background of current requirements for the crewed ships. The voyage plan and route selection are presented using the example of a bulk carrier sailing from Gdynia to Miami in the winter season. A MASS casualty accident probability model related to the hazards occurring at individual stages of the ship’s voyage, based on the Poisson distribution, is proposed.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
76--83
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Gdynia Maritime University, Department of Ship Operation 81-87 Morska St., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
autor
- Gdynia Maritime University, Department of Ship Operation 81-87 Morska St., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Abramowicz-Gerigk, T., Burciu, Z., Gerigk, M.K. & Jachowski, J. (2024) Monitoring of ship operations in seaport areas in the sustainable development of ocean– land connections. Sustainability 16 (2), 597, doi: 10.3390/ su16020597.
- 2. Burciu, Z. (2011) Safety in Maritime Transport and Management in Rescue Operations. Gdynia, Poland: Publishing House of Gdynia Maritime University.
- 3. DNV (2021) Supporting remote control operations in shipping. [Online]. Available from: https://www.dnv.com/ news/supporting-remote-control-operations-in-shipping -dnv-publishes-pioneering-new-competence-standard-and -recommended-practice-213200/ [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 4. DNV GL (2020) Report No. 2020-0279, SAFEMASS Study of the risks and regulatory issues of specific cases of MASS – Summary European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). [Online]. Available from: https://www.emsa.europa.eu/publications/reports/item/3892-safemass-study-of-the-risksand-regulatory-issues-of-specific-cases-of-mass.html [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 5. EMSA (2023) Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents 2023. EMSA. [Online]. Available from: https:// emsa.europa.eu/publications/item/5052-annual-overview-of-marine-casualties-and-incidents. html [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 6. Fan, C., Montewka, J., Zhang, D. & Han, Z. (2024) A framework for risk matrix design: A case of MASS navigation risk. Accident Analysis & Prevention 199, 107515, doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107515.
- 7. Formela, K., Neumann, T. & Weintrit, A. (2019) Overview of definitions of maritime safety, safety at sea, navigational safety and safety in general. TransNav: International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 13 (2), pp. 285‒290, doi: 10.12716/1001.13.02.03.
- 8. Grabski, F. & Jaźwiński, J. (2009) Functions with Random Arguments in Reliability, Safety and Logistics Issues. Warsaw, Poland: Publishing House of Communications and Connections.
- 9. IMO (2021) Interim guidelines for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) trials. MSC.1 Circ.1604). [Online]. Available from: https://www.register-iri.com/wp-content/ uploads/MSC.1-Circ.1604.pdf [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 10. MO (2024) Autonomous Shipping. [Online]. Available from: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/ Pages/Autonomous-shipping.aspx [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 11. KNMI (2024) Weather forecasting. [Online]. Available from: https://www.knmi.nl/home [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 12. KR (2023) Guidance for Autonomous Ships. Korean Register. [Online]. Available from https://www.krs.co.kr/ KRRules/KRRules2023/data/data_other/ENGLISH/ Guidance%20for%20Autonomous%20Ships_2023.pdf [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 13. Li, H. & Yang, Z. (2023) Incorporation of AIS data-based machine learning into unsupervised route planning for maritime autonomous surface ships. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 176, 103171, doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103171.
- 14. Man, Y., Lundh, M. & Porathe, T. (2014) Seeking harmony in shore-based unmanned ship handling ‒ from the perspective of human factors, what is the difference we need to focus on from being onboard to onshore? Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics AHFE 2014, Kraków, Poland 19‒23 July 2014. Edited by T. Ahram, W. Karwowski and T. Marek, doi: 10.54941/ahfe100625.
- 15. MEGURI2040 (2024) Attachment Report of the MEGURI2040 Safety Assessment. Risk analysis procedure for MASS. Japan Ship Technology Research Association, National Maritime Research Institute, FY 2023 Edition. [Online]. Available from https://www.jstra.jp/en/R&D/pdf/ Risk_analysis_procedure_for_autonomous_ships.pdf [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 16. Ohn, S.-W. & Namgung, H. (2023) Requirements for optimal local route planning of autonomous ships. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11 (1), 17, doi: 10.3390/ jmse11010017.
- 17. RBAT (2023) Risk-Based Assessment Tool (RBAT) for harmonization of analyses and approvals of MASS preliminary designs. [Online]. Available from: https://www.emsa.europa. eu/mass/rbat.html [Accessed: October 10, 2024].
- 18. Tao, J., Liu, Z., Wang, X., Cao, Y., Zhang, M., Loughney, S., Wang, J. & Yang, Z. (2024) Hazard identification and risk analysis of maritime autonomous surface ships: A systematic review and future directions. Ocean Engineering 307, 118174, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118174.
- 19. Wu, G., Incecik, A., Tahsin, T. Terziev, M. & Wang, LC. (2021). Long-voyage route planning method based on multiscale visibility graph for autonomous ships. Ocean Engineering 219, 108242, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108242.
- 20. Yun, S.-W., Kim, D.-H., Kim, S.-W., Kim, D.-J. & Kim, H.- J. (2024) Global path planning for autonomous ship navigation considering the practical characteristics of the port of Ulsan. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12 (1), 160, doi: 10.3390/jmse12010160.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2025).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-9f736a22-2270-45b2-aed7-b7a3f07c682f
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