Powiadomienia systemowe
- Sesja wygasła!
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The paper introduces implementation of highways' stopping sight distance (SSD) and decision sight distance (DSD) based on AASHTO modeling assumptions. SSD characterizes the necessary distance for highway vehicles to stop safely in front from an obstacle. SSD is a function of vehicle speed, perception reaction time, deceleration rate, and grade based on AASHTO and most highway design international guidelines. The deceleration rate which is assumed constant (3.4 m/sec2) based on AASHTO 2011 is generally controlled by the friction coefficient depending on the road surface conditions. A driver's demanded deceleration rate may not exceed the range of friction coefficient according to various pavement conditions. Although SSD is generally sufficient to allow skilled and alert drivers to the stop their vehicles under regular situations, this distance is insufficient when information is difficult to comprehend. A DSD should be provided in highways geometric design when the driver is required to detect an unexpected or difficult to perceive information source. Interchanges (specifically exit ramps) and intersections, and required changing in driver direction of travel, changes in the basic cross section such as toll plaza, lane drop, are typical scenarios where driver needs DSD in the safety manner. The introduction of the two sight distance types (SSD and DSD) is a perquisite for empirical modeling of the relationship between DSD and SSD. The modeling refers to DSD for rural highways, suburban roads, and urban roads based on AASHTO models. Specifically the paper covers DSD three avoidance maneuver types of stopping (types A, A1, B) and three maneuver types of speed, path, and direction changing (types C,D, E) for the three roadway categories. The major parameters that control these avoidance types are pre-maneuver times, and pre-maneuver plus maneuver times. The empirical relationship proposed in this study simplifies the process of evaluating the decision sight distance based on stopping sight distance record, based on AASHTO models, without the need of strenuous estimation of the DSD model maneuver and deceleration parameters. Such a simplified correlation has not been found in the literature except a rough approximation documented in the British highway design guidelines.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
7--25
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 47 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
Bibliografia
- [1] AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO), 2004. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 5th Edition. Washington D.C.
- [2] AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO), 2011. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 6th Edition. Washington D.C.
- [3] ALEXANDER, G. J., LUNENFELD, H., 1975. Positive guidance in traffic control. Federal Highway Administration.
- [4] AUSTROADS, 2009. Guide to Road Design, Part 3: Geometric Design, AGRD03/09, Austroads, Sydney, NSW.
- [5] AUSTROADS, 2003. Rural Road Design. A Guide to the Geometric Design of Rural Roads. ISBN 0-85588-606-4.
- [6] BASSAN, S., 2016. Highway Design Policy Insights for Target Speed: an Israel Perspective. Traffic Engineering and Control, 57(4), 155-158.
- [7] BASSAN, S., 2012. Review and evaluation of stopping sight distance design - cars vs. trucks. Advances in Transportation Studies. Special Issue, 2012, 5-16.
- [8] BASSAN, S., 2011. Decision Sight Distance Review and Evaluation. Traffic Engineering and Control, 52(1), 23-26.
- [9] BRILON, W., LIPPOLD, C., 2005. A new concept for highway design guidelines in Germany. 3rd international symposium on highway geometric design.
- [10] CAMPBELL, J.L., LICHTY, M.G., BROWN, J. L., RICHARD, C.M., CHRISTIAN, M., GRAVING, J.S., GRAHAM, J., O’LAUGH-LIN, M., TORBIC, D., HARWOOD, D., 2012. Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems. NCHRP 600. 2nd Edition TRB.
- [11] CASTRO, M., IGLESIAS, L., SANCHEZ, J. A., AMBROSIO, L., 2011. Sight distance analysis of highways using GIS tools. Transportation Research Part C, 19(6), 997-1005.
- [12] CHENG, J., YUAN, H., SHI, G., HUANG, X., 2011. Revision of calculation of stopping sight distance. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 6(2), 96–100.
- [13] DESIGN MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES (DMRB) 1993. Highway Link Design, Volume 6 Section 1 Part 1A, NRA TD 9/93, UK.
- [14] DURTH, W., BERNHARD M., 2000. Revised Design Parameters for Stopping Sight Distance. Second International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design, 410-421.
- [15] FAMBRO, B., FITZPATRICK, K., KOPPA, R.J., 1997. Determination of Stopping Sight Distance. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Report 400, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C.
- [16] FITZPATRICK, K., MIAOU, S.P., BREWER, M., 2005. Exploration of the Relationship between Operating Speed and Roadway Features on Tangent Sections, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 131(4), 261-269.
- [17] GACA, S., POGODZIŃSKA, S., 2017. Speed management as a measure to improve road safety on polish regional roads. Archives of transport, 43 (3), 29-42.
- [18] GARGOUM, S.A., TAWFEEK, M.H., ELBASYOUNY, K., KOCH, J.C., 2018. Available sight distance on existing highways: Meeting stopping sight distance requirements of an aging population. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 112(2018), 56–68.
- [19] GAVRAN, D., FRIC, S., ILIĆ, V., TRPČEVSKI, F., 2016. Sight distance analyses in road design process: Serbian practice. Transport, 31(2), 250–259.
- [20] HUSSEIN, M., SAYED, T., ISMAIL, K., VAN ESPEN, A., 2014. Calibrating road design guides using risk-based reliability analysis. Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, 140(9), 1-6.
- [21] IBRAHIM, S.E., SAYED, T., ISMAIL, K., 2012. Methodology for safety optimization of highway cross-sections for horizontal curves with restricted sight distance. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 49, 476–485.
- [22] ISMAIL, K., SAYED, T., 2012. Risk-optimal highway design: methodology and case studies. Safety science, 50(7), 1513–1521.
- [23] ISMAIL, K., SAYED, T., 2007. New algorithm for calculating 3D available sight distance. Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, 133 (10), 572-581.
- [24] JHA, M., KARRI, G., KUHN, W., 2011. New three-dimensional highway design methodology for sight distance measurement. Transportation Research Record, 2262, 74-82.
- [25] JOHANSSON, G., RUMAR, K., 1971. Drivers’ Brake Reaction Times. Human Factors, 13(1), 23–27.
- [26] KAPUSTA, J., KALAŠOVÁ, A., 2016. A comparison of truck driver safety between the EU and the USA. Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport, 93, 49-58.
- [27] KIM, D.G., LOVELL, D.J., 2010. A procedure for 3-D sight distance evaluation using thin plate splines. 4th International Symposium of Highway Geometric Design. Valencia. Spain. 6.2010.
- [28] KOSTYNIUK, L. P, CLEVELAND, D., 1986. Sight distance, signing, and safety on vertical curves. ITE journal, 56(5), 25-28.
- [29] LEISCH, J.E., LEISCH, J.P., 1977. New Concepts in Design Speed Application. Transport Research Record, 631, 4-14.
- [30] MAVROMATIS, S., PSARIANOS, B., MERTZANIS, F., VARDAKI, S., 2015. Three dimensional stopping sight distance control on left turn curves of freeways overlapped with crest vertical curves. 5th International Symposium of Highway Geometric Design. Vancouver. Canada. 6.2015.
- [31] MAVROMATIS, S., PALASKAS, S., PSARIANOS, B. 2012. Continuous three-dimensional stopping sight distance control on crest vertical curves. Advances in Transportation Studies, 29, 17-30.
- [32] NATIONAL ROADS AUTHORITY (NRA), 2007. Road Link Design, Volume 6 Section 1 Part 1A, NRA TD 9-07, Ireland.
- [33] NATIONAL ROADS AUTHORITY (NRA), 2003. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Guidance on Road Link Design, Volume 6 Section 1 Part 1A, NRA TA 43-03, Ireland.
- [34] MCGEE, H.W., 1979. Decision sight distance for highway design and traffic control requirements. Transportation Research Record 736, 11-13.
- [35] MORENO, A.T., FERRER, V., GARCIA, A., 2014. Evaluation of 3D coordination to maximize available stopping sight distance. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 9(2), 94–100.
- [36] NAVIN, F.P.D., 1990. Safety Factors for Road Design, Can they be Estimated? Journal of Transportation Research Board, 1280, 181-189.
- [37] NEHATE, G., RYS, M., 2006. 3D calculation of stopping-sight distance from GPS data. Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, 132(9), 691-698.
- [38] NORMANN, O. K., 1953. Braking Distances of Vehicles from High Speeds. Proceedings HRB, 22, Highway Research Board, Washing-ton, DC. 421-436.
- [39] OECD, 2006. Speed Management, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, European Conference of Ministers of Transport.
- [40] PIARC (World Road Association), 2003. Road Safety Manual. PIARC, Paris, France.
- [41] FGSV (Road and Transportation Research Association), 2008. Guidelines for the Design of Motorways [2011]. FGSV, Cologne, Germany.
- [42] SARHAN, M., HASSAN, Y., 2012. Consideration of sight distance in placement of concrete barriers on horizontal curves of roads. Transportation Research Record, 1940, 9-16.
- [43] STAMATIADIS, N., 2005, Context-Sensitive Design: Issues with Design Elements. Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, 131(5), 374-378.
- [44] TRANSIT, 2003. State Highway Geometric Design Manual, TRANSIT New Zealand, Section 2: Basic design criteria.
- [45] TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIATION OF CANADA, 1999. Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads.
- [46] WOOD, J., DONNELL, E., 2014. Stopping sight distance and horizontal sight line offsets at horizontal curves. Transportation Research Record Journal, 2436, 43-50.
- [47] XIA, R. X., WU, D. H., HE, J., LIU, Y., & SHI, D. F., 2016. A New Model of Stopping Sight Distance of Curve Braking Based on Vehicle Dynamics. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2016, Article ID 4260705, 1-8.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-9d701715-7698-41a6-9ebf-84594177827a