Effect of Footwear Insulation on Thermal Responses in the Cold

• Autorzy: Kuklane K. , Geng Q , Holmer I.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The influence of footwear insulation on foot skin temperature in the cold at low activity was investigated. Simultaneously, the thermal and pain sensations, and the influence of steel toe cap were studied. Eight participants were exposed for 85 min to 3 environmental temperatures ( + 3, - 12, and -25°C) wearing 5 different boots. Insulation of footwear was determined with a thermal foot model. The study showed the importance of insulation forkeeping feet warm. Other factors, such as wetness and vasomotor response, however, modified the thermal response. The most affected parts were toes and heels. Cold and pain sensations were connected with considerably lower temperatures in these local points. No significant differences were observed between boots with and without steel toe cap.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

cold; insulation of footwear; foot skin temperature; thermal sensation

PL

zimno; obuwie zimowe; ochrona przed zimnem; izolacja termiczna

• Wydawca: Taylor & Francis
• Czasopismo: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: Vol. 4, No. 2
• Strony: 137--152
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Kuklane K.

• National Institute for Working Life, Sweden

autor

Geng Q

• National Institute for Working Life, Sweden

autor

Holmer I.

• National Institute for Working Life, Sweden

Bibliografia

• [1] Bergquist, K., & Abeysekera, J. (1994). Ergonomics aspects of safety shoes worn in the cold climate. In Proceedings of the 3rd Pan-Pacific Conference on Occupational Ergonomics, Seoul, Korea (pp. 590-594). Seoul, Korea: Ergonomic Society of Korea.
• [2] Comité Européen de Normalisation. (1995). Protective clothing. Ensembles for protection against cold (Standard No. prE N 342:1995). Brussels, Belgium: Author.
• [3] Enander, A., Ljungberg, A.-S., & Holmér, I. (1979). Effects of work in cold stores on man. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 5, 195-204.
• [4] Endrusick, T.L., Santee, W.R., DiRaimo, D.A., Blanchard, L.A. & Gonzales, R.R. (1992). Physiological responses while wearing protective footwear in a cold-wet environment. In J. McBriarty & N. Henry (Eds.), Performance of Protective Clothing: Fourth volume (STP 1133, pp. 544-556). Philadelphia: American Society of Testing and Materials.
• [5] Jones, B.H., Knapik, J.J., Daniels, W.L., & Toner, M.M. (1986). The energy cost of women walking and running in shoes and boots. Ergonomics, 29(3), 439-443.
• [6] Kuklane, K., & Holmér, I. (1998). Effect of sweating on insulation of footwear. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 4(2), 123-136.
• [7] Legg, S.J., & Mahanty A. (1986). The energy cost of backpacking in heavy boots. Ergonomics, 29(3), 433-438.
• [8] Luczak, H. (1991). Work under extreme conditions. Ergonomics, 34(6), 687-720.
• [9] Oakley, E.H.N. (1984). The design and function of military footwear: A review following experiences in the South Atlantic. Ergonomics, 27(6), 631-637.
• [10] Rintamäki, H., & Hassi, J., (1989). Foot temperature and thermal sensations in the foot in the naked and clothed man. In J.B. Mercer (Ed.), Thermal physiology (pp. 173-176). Amsterdam : Elsevier.
• [11] Rintamäki, H., Hassi, J., Oksa, J., & Mäkinen, T. (1992). Rewarming of feet by lower and upper body exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 65, 427-432.
• [12] Tanaka, M., Yamazaki, S., Ohnaka, T., Harimura, Y., Tochihara, Y., Matsui, J., & Yoshida, K. (1985). Effects of feet cooling on pain sensation and cardiovascular responses. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 25 (1-2), 32-39.
• [13] Tochihara, Y., Ohnaka, T., Tuzuki, K., & Nagai, Y. (1995). Effects of repeated exposures to severely cold environments on thermal responses of humans. Ergonomics, 38(5), 987-995.