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The knowledge about nanoaerosols, their potential health effects, their measurement, limitation and administrative-legal treatment has been developed in the last 3 decades in connection with the exhaust gas cleaning of the combustion engines. Nanofiltration, which has thus become known, almost completely eliminates nanoparticles with filters of high durability, high specific filtration areas, and reasonable costs. On the occasion of the Covid pandemic, NanoCleanAir experimentally proved that the viruses in an automotive filter substrate are separated as well as the combustion particles and are also deactivated. To minimize cross exchange of infectious aerosol, new attention must be paid to flow management in ventilated spaces. Digitized flow analysis has also received significant inspiration from engine technology in the past. This paper provides information on some basic investigations and gives valuable advice based on the experimental and numerical results of a retrofitted classroom.
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Tom
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68--77
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Bibliogr. 36 poz., il. kolor., fot., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Nano, NanoCleanAir GmbH, Switzerland
autor
- NanoCleanAir GmbH, Switzerland
autor
- Nano, NanoCleanAir GmbH, Switzerland
autor
- Institute for Sensors and Electronics, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Windisch, Switzerland
autor
- ano, NanoCleanAir GmbH, Switzerland
autor
- Nano, NanoCleanAir GmbH, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University Fribourg, Switzerland
autor
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University Berne, Switzerland
autor
- Combustion Flow, Combustion Flow Solutions GmbH, Switzerland
autor
- Institute for Sensors and Electronics, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Windisch, Switzerland
autor
- Institute for Sensors and Electronics, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Windisch, Switzerland
Bibliografia
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- [2] Bischof OF. Recent developments in the measurement of low particulate emissions from mobile sources: a review of particle number legislations. Emiss Control Sci Technol. 2015;1:203-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-015-0016-9
- [3] Boger T, Glasson T, Rose D, Ingram-Ogunwumi R, Wu H. Next generation gasoline particulate filters for uncatalyzed applications and lowest particulate emissions. SAE Int J Adv & Curr Prac in Mobility. 2021;3(5):2452-2461. https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0584
- [4] Brain JD and 200 scientists open letter addressed to WHO; Harvard Public School of Health, 2020.07.06.
- [5] Burtscher H, Lutz T, Mayer A. A new periodic technical inspection for particle emissions of vehicles. Emiss Control Sci Technol. 2019;5:279-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-019-00128-z
- [6] Collins KE, Cronin AA, Rueedi J, Pedley S, Joyce E, Humble PJ et al. Fate and transport of bacteriophage in UK aquifers as surrogates for pathogenic viruses. Engineering Geology. 2006;85:33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.09.025
- [7] Curtius J, Granzin M, Schrod J. Testing mobile air purifiers in a school classroom. Reducig the airborne transmission risk for SARS-CoV-2. Aerosol Sci Tech. 2021;55(5):586-599. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2021.1877257
- [8] Drewnick F et al. Abscheideeffizienz von Mund-Nasen-Schutz Masken. Max-Plank-Institut, Mainz 2020.04.30. https://www.mpic.de/4670174/filtermasken_zusammenfassung.pdf
- [9] Drossinos Y, Stilianakis NI. What aerosol physics tells us about airborne pathogen transmission, Aerosol Sci Tech. 2020;54(6):639-643. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1751055
- [10] Edwards DA, Ausiello D, Salzman J, Devlin T, Langer R, Beddingfield B et al. Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age and obesity. Biol Sci. 2021;118(8): e2021830118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.202183011
- [11] Fernelly KP. Particle sizes of infectious aerosols; implications for infection control. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(9):914-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30323-4
- [12] Fuller CH, Brugge D. Ambient combustion ultrafine particles and health. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York. ISBN 978-1-53618-831-8.
- [13] Handbuch Verbrennungsmotor: Grundlagen, Komponenten, Systeme, Perspektiven. Springer Vieweg Verlag 8. ISBN 978-3-658-10901-1.
- [14] Hinds WC. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles. John Wiley &Sons 1982, ISBN 0-471-08726-2.
- [15] Jing L. Charakterisierung der dieselmotorischen Partikel-emissionen. Dissertation der Universität Bern, 1997.
- [16] Khanh NC, Thai PQ, Quach HL, Thi NH, Dinh PC, Duong TN et al. Transmission of SARS-CoV 2 during long-haul flight. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(11):2617-2624. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2611.203299
- [17] Klompas M, Baker MA, Rhee C. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: theoretical considerations and available evidence. JAMA. 2020;324(5):441-442. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12458
- [18] Lelieveld J, Helleis F, Borrmann S, Cheng Y, Drewnick F, Haug G et al. Model calculations of aerosol transmission and infection risk of COVID-19 in indoor environments. Int J Env Res Pub He. 2020;17(21):8114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218114
- [19] Lexikon Motorentechnik; A. Mayer zu Partikelfiltern. Verlag Vieweg, ISBN 3-528-03903-5.
- [20] Lieber C, Melekidis S, Koch R, Bauer HJ. Insights into the evaporation characteristics of saliva droplets and aerosols: levitation experiments and numerical modeling. J Aerosol Sci. 2021;154:105760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105760
- [21] Lindsley WG, Derk RC, Coyle JP, Martin SB, Mead KR, Blachere FM et al. Efficacy of portable air cleaners and masking for reducing indoor exposure to simulated exhaled SARS-CoV-2 aerosols. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021; 70(27):972-976. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7027e1
- [22] Liu J, Huang J, Xiang D. Large SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused by asymptomatic traveler, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(9):2260-2263. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.201798
- [23] Marr LC, Tang JW, Mullekom J, Lakdawala SS. Mechanistic insights into the effect of humidity on airborne influenza virus survival, transmission and incidence. J R Soc Interface. 2019; 16(150):201850298. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0298
- [24] Miller JH. Experiments in molecular genetics. The Quarterly Review of Biology. 1974;49(2). https://doi.org/10.1086/408025
- [25] Morawska L, Cao J. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality. Environ Int. 2020;139: 105730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105730
- [26] NanoCleanAir. www.nanocleanair.ch
- [27] Riediker M, Monn C. Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol emissions in the infected population and resulting airborne exposures in different indoor scenarios; Aerosol Drivers, Impacts and Mitigation. 2021;21(2):20. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.08.0531
- [28] Rüggeberg T, Milosevic A, Specht P, Mayer A, Frey J, Petri-Fink A et al. A versatile filter test system to assess removal efficiency for viruses in aerosols. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 2021;21:210224. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210224
- [29] Schmid S, Seiler C, Gerecke AC, Hächler H, Hilbi H, Frey J et al. Studying the fate of non-volatile organic compounds in a commercial plasma air purifier. J Hazard Mater. 2013;256-257:76-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.021
- [30] Silverman DT, Samanic CM, Lubin JH, Blair AE, Stewart PA, Vermeulen R et al. The diesel exhaust in miners study: a nested case-control study of lung cancer and diesel exhaust. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(11):855-868. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs034
- [31] TSI Incorporated. www.tsi.com
- [32] van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med.2020;382:1564-1567. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2004973
- [33] VERT-Filter List www.vert-certification.eu
- [34] Vohra K, Vodonos A, Schwartz J, Marais EA, Sulprizio MP, Mickley LJ. Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: results from GEOS-Chem. Environ Res. 2021;195:110754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754
- [35] World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/
- [36] Zhang R, Li Y, Zhang AL, Molina MJ. Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19. Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. 2020; 117(26):14857-14863. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.200963711
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-9c7b9fbe-674b-4ba1-85c3-394be8df5f89