Influence of natural radium contamination of barium chloride on the determination of radium isotopes in the water samples using α/β liquid scintillation spectrometry

• Autorzy: Dinh C. N. , Czechowska M. , Nowak J. , Jodłowski P.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/nuka-2016-0076

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The determination of radium isotopes in drinking water by liquid scintillation technique requires some reagents that are used for separating radium from water samples. One of the main reagents is BaCl2·H2O. This paper presents the study of this compound and shows that barium chloride reagent is naturally contaminated with 226Ra. The 226Ra activity concentration in BaCl2·H2O reagent produced by chemical companies from Poland and other countries is equal to a few dozen Bq/kg. Furthermore, 14 mL of 0.10 M BaCl2·H2O solution is the optimum amount which should be used for the chemical procedure. At the optimum amount of barium chloride and 2-hour measurement, the detection limit of 226Ra and 228Ra of the liquid scintillation counting method is equal to 5 and 30 mBq per sample, respectively.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

α/β liquid scintillation spectrometry; barium chloride; radium isotopes; detection limit

• Wydawca: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
• Czasopismo: Nukleonika
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 61, No. 4
• Strony: 467--471
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Dinh C. N.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Tel.: [phone]

autor

Czechowska M.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Tel.: [phone]

autor

Nowak J.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Tel.: [phone]

autor

Jodłowski P.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Tel.: [phone]

Bibliografia

• 1. Nguyen, D. C., Duliński, M., Jodłowski, P., Nowak, J., Różański, K., Śleziak, M., & Wachniew, P. (2011). Natural radioactivity in groundwater – a review. Isot. Environ. Health Stud., 47(4), 415–437.
• 2. Pietrzak-Flis, Z., Rosiak, L., Suplinska, M., Chrzanowski, E., & Dembinska, S. (2001). Daily intake of 238U, 232Th, 230Th, 228Th and 226Ra in food and drinking water by inhabitants of the Wałbrzych region. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 273(1), 163–169.
• 3. Rosa, M. L., Taddei, M. T., Cheberle, L. V., Ferreira,M. T., Santos, S. C., Avegliano, R. P., Bergamini, G., & Maihara, V. A. (2015). Determination of 234U, 235U,238U, 232Th, 230Th, 228Th, 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in food from Brazilian total diet. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 306(3), 695–700.
• 4. Smodis, B., Cerne, M., Jacimovic, R., & Benedik, L. (2015). Transfer of uranium and radium to Chinese cabbage from soil containing elevated levels of natural radionuclides. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 306(3), 685–694.
• 5. Starościak, E., & Rosiak, L. (2015). Determination of uranium levels in the urine of Warsaw residents (Poland). J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 304(1), 75–79.
• 6. Struminska-Parulska, D. I., Szymańska, K., & Skwarzec, B. (2015). Determination of 210Po in hair of domestic animals from Poland and Norway. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 306(1), 71–78.
• 7. Bode, K. T., Bylyku, E., Xhixha, G., Daci, B., & Fishka, K. (2015). Determination of activity concentration of 210Po in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Butrinti Lagoon, Albanian Ionian coast. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 304(3), 1353–1358.
• 8. Basyigit, B., & Tekin-Ozan, S. (2013). Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca) from Karatas lake related to physico-chemical parameters, fish size and seasons. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 22(3), 633–644.
• 9. Poggi, C. M., de Farias, E. E., Silveira, P. B., Filho, C. A., de Franca, E. J., Gazineu, M. H., & Hazin, C. A. (2015). 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K in scales from boilers of industrial installations. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 306(3), 667–672.
• 10. Milvy, P., & Cothern, R. (1990). Scientific background for the development of regulations for radionuclides in drinking water. In R. Cothern, & P. Rebers (Eds.), Radon, radium and uranium in drinking water (pp. 1–15). Chelsea: Lewis Publishers.
• 11. UNCEAR. (2000). Sources and effects of atomic ionizing radiation. New York: United Nations.
• 12. Jodlowski, P., & Kalita, S. (2010). Gamma-Ray Spectrometry Laboratory for high-precision measurements of radionuclide concentrations in environmental samples. Nukleonika, 55(2), 143–148.
• 13. Benes, P. (1990). Radium in (continental) surface water. In The environmental behavior of radium (pp. 373–418). Vienna: IAEA.
• 14. Kozłowska, B., Walencik, A., Dorda, J., & Przylibski, T. A. (2007). Uranium, radium and 40K isotopes in bottled mineral waters from Outer Carpathians, Poland. Radiat. Meas., 42(8), 1380–1386.
• 15. Vesterbacka, P., Turtianen, T., Heinavaara, S., & Arvela, H. (2006). Activity concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in drilled well water in Finland. Radiat. Protect. Dosim., 121(4), 406–421.
• 16. Vandenhove, H., Verrezen, F., Landa, E. R., & Atwood, E. A. (2010). Radium. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
• 17. Nguyen, D. C. (2010). Promieniotwórczość naturalna wybranych wód mineralnych Karpat polskich. Kraków: JAK.
• 18. Szabo, Z., DePaul, V. T., Fischer, J. M., Kraemer, T. F., & Jacobsen, E. (2012). Occurrence and geochemistry of radium in water from principal drinking-water aquifer systems of the United States. Appl. Geochem., 27, 729–752.
• 19. World Health Organization. (2008). Drinking water directions, radiological aspects. Geneva: WHO.
• 20. Council of the European Union. (2013). Council Directive 2013/51/EURATOM of 22 October 2013 laying down requirements for the protection of the health of the general public with regard to radioactive substances in water intended for human consumption. Brussels: O. J. EU.
• 21. Radenković, M. B., Joksić, J. D., & Kovacević, J. (2015). Natural radionuclides content and radioactive series disequilibrium in drinking waters from Balkans region. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 306, 295–299.
• 22. Saito, T., Ohta, T., Koike, Y., & Sato, J. (2002). A new analytical approach for 226Ra and 228Ra in environmental waters. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 255, 535–538.
• 23. Currie, L. A. (2008). Detection and qualification capabilities in nuclear analytical measurements. In P. Poviniec (Ed.), Analysis of environmental radionuclides. Amsterdam, Boston: Elsevier

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.