Experimental development of a focalization mechanism in an integrated narrative generation system

• Autorzy: Akimoto T. , Ogata T.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/jaiscr-2015-0027

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

“Focalization” is a narrative discourse technique that produces different narrative structures based on choosing unique perspectives from which to present a story. This study designs a focalization mechanism and presents an experimental implementation. The proposed system functions as part of our integrated narrative generation system (INGS). In addition, the approach computationally extends the conceptual research of focalization by Genette to techniques for narrative generation. We define focalization as a procedure to transform a story structure into discourse structures through the following two steps: 1) restricting the scope of story information perceived from a chosen perspective, and 2) generating a discourse structure based on perceived story information. In particular, we define two types of rules for restricting restricting the perception scope based on: a) objective perceptible possibility of constituent elements in a story and b) situations or states in which constituent elements in a story are positioned. Based on the experimentally implemented system, we present generated examples from a story using different focalization types. Through analysis, we show that the basic function of the focalization mechanism was achieved by the aforementioned rules.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

focalization mechanism; integrated narrative generation system; INGS; discourse technique; information

PL

fokalizacja; INGS; technika dyskursu; informacja

• Wydawca: University of Social Sciences
• Czasopismo: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 5, No. 3
• Strony: 177--188
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Akimoto T.

• Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, the University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

autor

Ogata T.

• Faculty of Software and Information Science, Iwate Prefectural University, 152-52, Sugo, Takizawa, Iwate 020-0693, Japan

Bibliografia

• [1] T. Ogata and A. Kanai, (An Introduction to Informatics of Narratology: Towards the Thoughts and Technologies of Narrative Generation), Gakubunsha, 2010.
• [2] T. Akimoto and T. Ogata, Macro structure and basic methods in the integrated narrative generation system by introducing narratological knowledge, In: Proceedings of 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing, pp. 253–262, 2012.
• [3] T. Akimoto and T. Ogata, An information design of narratology: The use of three literary theories in a narrative generation system, The International Journal of Visual Design, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 31–61, 2014.
• [4] G. Genette, Discours du R´ecit, Essai de M´ethode, Figures III, Seuil, 1972. (Transl. J.E. Lewin, Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method, Cornell University Press, 1980.)
• [5] T. Ogata, Toward the consistent simulation of narrative discourse based on narratology, In: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, vol. 2, pp. 579–584, 2004.
• [6] T. Ogata and S. Yamakage, A computational mechanism of the “distance” in narrative: A trial in the expansion of literary theory, In: Proceedings of the 8th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, vol. 14, pp. 179–184, 2004.
• [7] K. Ueda and T. Ogata, A computational modeling of perspective and voice in the narrative rhetoric, In: Proceedings of 18th Congress of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics, pp. 480–486, 2004.
• [8] T. Akimoto and T. Ogata, A narratological approach for narrative discourse: Implementation and evaluation of the system based on Genette and Jauss, In: Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 1272–1277, 2012.
• [9] T. Akimoto and T. Ogata, Towards a discourse mechanism in narrative generation system: Proposal of a system introducing narrative discourse theory and reception theory, Cognitive Studies, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 396–420, 2013.
• [10] T. Ogata, Expanded literary theory: Cognitive/ computational expansion of literary theories and narratology, In: Proceedings of 17th Congress of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics, pp. 163–166, 2002.
• [11] T. Ogata, Expanded literary theory for automatic narrative generation, Proceedings of Joint 7th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 15th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems, pp. 1558–1563, 2014.
• [12] J. R. Meehan, The Metanovel: Writing Stories by Computer, Garland Publishing, 1980.
• [13] P. Gerv´as, Propp’s morphology of the folk tale as a grammar for generation, In: Proceedings of 2013 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative, pp. 106–122, 2013.
• [14] B. L¨onneker-Rodman, Narratological knowledge for natural language generation, In: Proceedings of the 10th EuropeanWorkshop on Natural Language Generation, pp. 91–100, 2005.
• [15] N. Montfort, Generating narrative variation in interactive fiction, A Dissertation in Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, 2007.
• [16] A. Jhale and M.R. Young, Cinematic visual discourse: Representation, generation, and evaluation, IEEE Transactions on computational intelligence and A.I. in games, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 69–81, 2010.
• [17] B. C. Bae, Y. G. Cheong and M. R. Young, Automated story generation with multiple internal focalization, In: Proceedings of 2011 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, pp. 211–218, 2011.
• [18] P. Gerv´as, Stories from games: Content and focalization selection in narrative composition, In: Proceedings of I Spanish Symposium on Entertainment Computing, 2013.
• [19] T. Ogata, Building conceptual dictionaries for an integrated narrative generation system, Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 270–284, 2015.
• [20] T. Akimoto, S. Imabuchi and T. Ogata, A story generation mechanism based on the cooperation of micro/macro story techniques: As a module in the integrated narrative generation system, In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer and Information Science, pp. 377–384, 2013.
• [21] T. Akimoto, Y. Kurisawa and T. Ogata, A mechanism for managing the progression of events by states in integrated narrative generation system, In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Engineering and Applied Science, pp. 1605–1614, 2013.
• [22] T. Akimoto and T. Ogata, Towards the focalization mechanism in an integrated narrative generation sys2014.tem, In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society, pp. 344–353