Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Metoda harmonogramowanie powtarzalnych procesów budowlanych zwiększająca odporność harmonogramów w warunkach ryzyka
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Most scheduling methods used in the construction industry to plan repetitive projects assume that process durations are deterministic. This assumption is acceptable if actions are taken to reduce the impact of random phenomena or if the impact is low. However, construction projects at large are notorious for their susceptibility to the naturally volatile conditions of their implementation. It is unwise to ignore this fact while preparing construction schedules. Repetitive scheduling methods developed so far do respond to many constructionspecific needs, e.g. of smooth resource flow (continuity of work of construction crews) and the continuity of works. The main focus of schedule optimization is minimizing the total time to complete. This means reducing idle time, but idle time may serve as a buffer in case of disruptions. Disruptions just happen and make optimized schedules expire. As process durations are random, the project may be delayed and the crews’ workflow may be severely affected to the detriment of the project budget and profits. For this reason, the authors put forward a novel approach to scheduling repetitive processes. It aims to reduce the probability of missing the deadline and, at the same time, to reduce resource idle time. Discrete simulation is applied to evaluate feasible solutions (sequence of units) in terms of schedule robustness.
Terminowa i sprawna realizacja przedsięwzięć budowlanych oraz redukcja czasu ich wykonania wpływają na efektywność ekonomiczną inwestycji i działalności gospodarczej wielu podmiotów zaangażowanych w proces inwestycyjny. Cechą specyficzną produkcji budowlanej jest znaczna podatność na oddziaływanie zmiennych warunków realizacji, dlatego też przy harmonogramowaniu nie powinno się pomijać wpływu oddziaływania czynników ryzyka. Wiele przedsięwzięć budowlanych składa się z powtarzalnych procesów, są to m.in. budowy osiedli domów mieszkalnych, budowy obiektów wysokich i wielosekcyjnych, dróg, tuneli, instalacji itd. W celu redukcji czasu ich wykonania obiekty te dzieli się na działki robocze, na których powtarzane jest wykonywanie procesów przez brygady robocze o odpowiednich kwalifikacjach. W przypadku, gdy działki różnią się wielkością i nie występuje zależność wprost proporcjonalna pomiędzy ich wielkością i pracochłonnością robót (jednakowa dla każdego ich asortymentu), na czas realizacji przedsięwzięcia oraz na inne parametry wpływa kolejność zajmowania działek przez brygady. W artykule została przedstawiona metoda wyboru optymalnego harmonogramu robót powtarzalnych realizowanych na działkach niejednorodnych w warunkach ryzyka i optymalnej permutacji działek roboczych. Analizowany problem opisano za pomocą modelu programowania stochastycznego z funkcją celu minimalizującą łączne straty finansowe spowodowane niedotrzymaniem terminu dyrektywnego przedsięwzięcia, wydłużeniem okresu zatrudnienia brygad i czasu realizacji poszczególnych obiektów, na skutek przestojów spowodowanych zjawiskami losowymi. Ze względu na probabilistyczny charakter parametrów rozpatrywanego problemu do jego rozwiązania zaproponowano procedurę bazującą na zastosowaniu metody symulacji komputerowej oraz algorytmów metaheurystycznych lub – w przypadku problemów o małej złożoności z niewielką liczbą działek roboczych – metody przeglądu zupełnego zbioru rozwiązań dopuszczalnych.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
643--657
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 51 poz., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin, Poland
autor
- Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin, Poland
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-9b5c45cd-9e92-4d60-8758-14e3cdb4fa0c