Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. as a biocontrol agents against plant pathogens

• Autorzy: Maculewicz D.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2428/ecea.2015.22(2)16

Warianty tytułu

PL

Możliwości zastosowania dwujądrowych izolatów Rhizoctonia spp. w biologicznej ochronie roślin

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Rhizoctonia spp. is a large, diverse, ubiquitous soil inhabiting group of fungi. They are generally regarded as plant pathogens causing root rot and other plant diseases which results in crop losses of many economically important plant species, but they can also enter into symbiotic associations with orchids. Binucleate species commonly cause root, stem and foliar diseases, but due to its wide range of host plants and frequent causing losses in important agricultural crops, probably the most studied Rhizoctonia species is multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Crops, including fruits and vegetables, are exposed to diseases caused by microorganisms, especially pathogenic fungi, during growth and after harvest. The occurrence of plant diseases results in lower harvest, in worsens their quality and raises production costs. The use of chemical plant protection results in the contamination of soil and increase pathogen resistance to commonly used fungicides. Biological control is an alternative and safe for the environment method of plant protection. Hypovirulent BNR isolates from different anastomosing groups can be successfully used as biocontrol agents in plant protection against pathogenic Rhizoctonia and fungi from other species. They may occupy the same ecological niches as pathogens, compete successfully for nutrients, induce plant resistance and promote plant growth.

PL

Rhizoctonia spp. to duża, zróżnicowana i powszechnie występująca w glebie grupa grzybów. Zwykle są one patogenami wielu ważnych gospodarczo gatunków roślin. Powodują zgnilizny korzeni, są także często przyczyną chorób łodyg i liści. Mają szeroki zakres roślin żywicielskich. Obok możliwości oddziaływania patogenicznego mogą one również wchodzić w związki symbiotyczne, np. ze storczykami. Gatunki dwujądrowe Rhizoctonia są dość częste w środowisku i występują obok innego ważnego patogena roślin, którym jest wielojądrowy Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Występowanie chorób roślin skutkuje niższymi i o gorszej jakości plonami, a ochrona przed skutkami chorób roślin podnosi koszty produkcji. W celu ograniczenia strat możliwe jest stosowanie chemicznych środków ochrony roślin, to jednak powoduje skażenie gleby i przyczynia się do wykształacania u patogenów odporności na fungicydy. Alternatywą jest bezpieczna dla środowiska biologiczna ochrona roślin z wykorzystaniem hypowirulentnych izoltów dwujądrowych Rhizoctonia (BNR). W tym celu stosowane są izolaty z różnych grup anastomozowych. Mogą one być wykorzystywane jako czynniki biologiczne w ochronie roślin przeciw różnym grzybom chorobotwórczym, w tym także przeciw Rhizoctonia solani. Jest to możliwe, dlatego że zajmują one te same nisze ekologiczne, co patogeny. Dodatkowo izolaty BNR mają zdolność wzbudzania naturalnej odporności roślin i stymulowania ich wzrostu.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

mechanism of biocontrol; binucleate Rhizoctonia

PL

biologiczna ochrona; izolator dwujądrowy Rhizoctonia

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 22, nr 2
• Strony: 195--203
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 40 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Maculewicz D.

• Chair of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, ul. kard. B. Kominka 6, 45–032 Opole, Poland, phone: [phone]

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