Long-term responses of phytoplankton biomass to the ocean surface variables in the central parts of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal

Karnan, Chinnadurai; Gautham, Sreedharan; Sandhya, Soolamkandath Variem; Shahin, Shajahan

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Long-term responses of phytoplankton biomass to the ocean surface variables in the central parts of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal

Autorzy

Karnan Chinnadurai , Gautham Sreedharan , Sandhya Soolamkandath Variem , Shahin Shajahan

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The northern Indian Ocean has been warming steadily for over a half-century, especially the north-western Indian Ocean. It is widely reported that the increasing sea surface temperature in the global oceans decreases phytoplankton biomass and productivity. The impacts of long-term variations in the sea surface properties on the phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) are least studied in the northern Indian Ocean. In this study, we have retrieved satellite, model, and ARGO float data sets to investigate the long-term variations in the distributions and trends of major oceanic variables for a better understanding of the respective changes that occurred in chlorophyll a concentration in the central regions of the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BB). We have selected variables such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), euphotic depth (ZEU), mixed layer depth (MLD), wind speed, mean sea level anomaly (MSLA), surface currents, etc., to relate with chlorophyll a. We found significant increasing trends in SST and positive-MSLA in both basins, and the chlorophyll a was decreased in the AS but contrastingly increased in the BB. Further data analysis revealed the possible reasons, such as seasonal changes in mean sea level anomaly and meridional currents, for the increasing trend of chlorophyll a in the central Bay of Bengal. The northward flow of the meridional currents during the southwest monsoon (SWM), transports the nutrient-rich water from the coastal upwelling zone of the southwest coast of India to the southern and central BB, and enhances chlorophyll a. Contrastingly, the southward flow of low-saline and nutrient-depleted Bay of Bengal water reduces the chlorophyll a. In addition, the large area of cold-core eddies found during the NEM enhanced the chlorophyll a in the central BB. Though contrasting trends between both basins in chlorophyll a distribution were found, the mean concentration of chlorophyll a in the northern Indian Ocean decreases. The present study signifies the importance of monsoon currents and eddies in regulating the chlorophyll a biomass and primary productivity in the AS and BB.

Słowa kluczowe

chlorophyll a sea surface temperature sea level anomaly meridional currents Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal

Wydawca

Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology
Elsevier

Czasopismo

Oceanologia

Rocznik

2024

Tom

No. 66 (3)

Strony

art. no. 66303

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 90 poz., rys. wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Karnan Chinnadurai

karnanc@nio.org

CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India

autor

Gautham Sreedharan

CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India

autor

Sandhya Soolamkandath Variem

CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India

autor

Shahin Shajahan

CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India

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