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The paper is devoted to some problems connected with last modification of EU directive on energy efficiency, viz.: free choice of the measure concerning the improvement of energy efficiency, i.e. final or primary energy consumption, corresponding energy savings or energy-consumption index; however without cumulative consumption or cumulative savings of primary energy. In EU directive it has been stressed the importance of measurements systems (reliable measurement information); but has not been recommended any advanced validation of measurements results, nor energy auditing or algorithms of calculating the energy savings due to improvement of energy efficiency concerning large industrial plants. Evaluation of complex buildings should be realized by means of the system method (input-output analysis). The separate problem is devoted to application of thermo-ecological approach in the analysis of complete results of improving the energy efficiency. Human activity is connected with the depletion of nonrenewable resources, including primary energy, due to not only production of consumer goods but also the necessity of compensating the unfavourable effects of harmful emissions from energy-technological processes. Therefore the index of energy-ecological efficiency has been proposed as the most competent evaluation of improvement energy efficiency of production processes and systems.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
277--299
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys., tab., wykr., wz.
Twórcy
autor
- Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Konarskiego 22, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
- Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Konarskiego 22, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] Szargut J.: Exergy Method. Technical and Ecological Aapplications. WIT Press, Southampton – Boston 2005.
- [2] Szargut J., Sama D.A.: Practical rules of the reduction of exergy losses caused by the thermodynamic imperfection of thermal processes. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Thermal Energy Cong. , ITEC’ 95 (E. Bilgren et al., Eds.), Agadir, 1995, 782–785.
- [3] Szargut J.: Depletion of the unrestorable natural exergy resources as a measure of the ecological cost. In: Proc. ECOS’99 (M. Ishida, G. Tsatsaronis, M.J. Moran, H. Kataoka, Eds.), 1999, 42–45.
- [4] Stanek W.: Exergy Analysis – Theory and Practice. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Ślaskiej, Gliwice 2016 (in Polish).
- [5] Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 Oct. 2012 on energy efficiency.
- [6] Directive (EU) 2018/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 Dec. 2018 amending Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. Oficial Journal of European Union 21.12.2018, L.328/210-228.
- [7] Polish Act of 20 May 2016 on energy efficiency. Dz.U. RP, Poz. 831, Warszawa 2016 (in Polish).
- [8] European Commission: The Energy Package. Brussels 10.01.2007.
- [9] Parczewski Z.: Energy Efficiency in the EU Selected Countries, USA and Poland. Monograph. Instytut Energetyki, Warszawa 2014 (in Polish).
- [10] Szargut J., Ziebik A.: Principles of Thermal Energetics (2nd Edn.). PWN Warszawa 2000 (in Polish).
- [11] Ziebik A.: Rationalization of energy use. Chap. in Elaboration of Presidium of the Committee of Energy Problems of Polish Academy of Sciences. Warszawa – Gliwice 2013, 164–181 (in Polish).
- [12] Szega M.: Advanced Validation and Authentication of Measurements Data in Thermal Processes. PAN Komisja Energetyki, Katowice - Gliwice 2016 (in Polish).
- [13] Bagajewicz M.J., Chmielewski D.J., Tanth D.N.: Smart Process Plants: Software and Hardware Solutions for Accurate Data and Profitable Operations. McGrawHill, 2010.
- [14] Ziebik A.: Mathematical Modeling of Energy Management Systems in industrial Plants. Ossolineum, Wroclaw 1990.
- [15] Ziebik A., Hoinka K.: Energy Systems of Complex Buildings. Springer-Verlag, London 2013.
- [16] Miller R.E., Blair P.D.: Input-Output Analysis. Foundations and Extensions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009.
- [17] Ziebik A., Gładysz P.: Computable examples of the application of “input-output” models of energy production systems. Chap. 10 in Thermodynamics of Sustanaible Management of Natural Resources (W. Stanek, Ed.). Springer AG 2017, 255–287.
- [18] Szargut J.: Cumulative energy indices. Gospodarka Paliwami i Energi¸a 7(1977), 10–11 (in Polish).
- [19] Szargut J., Morris D.R.: Cumulative exergy consumption and cumulative degree of perfection of chemical processes. Int. J. Energy Res. 11(1987), 2, 245–261.
- [20] Szargut J.: Exergy – Technical and Ecological Applications. WIT Press 2005.
- [21] Szargut J.: Exergy – Handbook of Calculations and Applications. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śl¸askiej, Gliwice 2007(in Polish).
- [22] Szargut J.: Application of exergy for the calculation of ecological cost. Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech., 7-8(1986), 475–480.
- [23] Szargut J., Zie¸bik A., Stanek W.: Depletion of the non-renewable natural exergy resources as a measure of the ecological cost. Energy Convers. Manage. 43(2002), 9-12, 1149–1163.
- [24] Stanek W. (Ed.): Thermodynamics for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources. Springer, 2017.
- [25] Czarnowska L.: Thermo-Ecological Cost of Products with Emphasis on External Environmental Costs. PhD thesis, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 2014.
- [26] Ziebik A., Gładysz P.: Analysis of the cumulative exergy consumption of an integrated oxy-fuel combustion power plant. Arch. Thermodyn. 34(2013), 3, 105–122.
- [27] Ziebik A.: Thermodynamical motivation of the Polish energy policy. Arch. Thermodyn. 33(2012), 4, 3–21.
- [28] Ziebik A., Stanek W.: Energy and exergy system analysis of thermal improvementsof blast-furnace plants. Int. J. Energy Res. 30(2006), 2, 101–114.
- [29] Ziebik A., Stanek W.: Influence of blast-furnace process thermal parameters on energy and exergy characteristics and exergy losses. Int. J. Energy Res. 30(2006), 4, 203–219.
- [30] Stanek W., Szega M., Blacha L., Niesler M., Gawron M.: Exergo-ecological assessment of auxiliary fuel injection into blast-furnace. Arch. Metall. Mater. 60(2015), 2, 711–719.
- [31] Bejan A.: Entropy generation minimization: The new thermodynamics of finitesize devices and finite-time processes. J. Appl. Phys. Rev. 79(1996), 3, 1191–1218.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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