Tetrachlorek węgla

• Autorzy: Jakubowski M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Carbon tetrachloride

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Tetrachlorek węgla (CCl4) jest przezroczystą, bezbarwną, niepalną cieczą o charakterystycznym zapachu zbliżonym do zapachu eteru. W przeszłości tetrachlorek węgla powszechnie stosowano jako rozpuszczalnik do prania na sucho. Obecnie został on całkowicie zastąpiony przez mniej toksyczne rozpuszczalniki. Jest stosowany głównie: do produkcji fluorowodorów stosowanych jako gaz napędowy w pojemnikach z aerozolami oraz pianek z tworzyw sztucznych, a także w gaśnicach. Zgodnie z danymi Instytutu Medycyny Pracy w Łodzi z 2001 r. w Polsce nie było osób narażonych na tetrachlorek węgla o stężeniach powyżej wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS), czyli 20 mg/m3. Również w 2007 r. wg danych Głównej Inspekcji Sanitarnej przekroczeń wartości NDS tetrachlorku węgla w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy nie było.

EN

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a colorless, volatile and nonflammable liquid with a characteristic odor. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a cleaning fluid in industry and dry cleaning establishments and for the production of chlorofluorocarbons used primarily in refrigerants. Because it is nonflammable, it was also used in fire extinguishers. In Poland, concentrations of CCl4 in the air, in industrial settings, were below the present MAC value of 20 mg/m3. The liver, kidney, and central nervous system are the primary targets of toxicity following acute oral exposure to CCl4. Also gastrointestinal irritation has been frequently noted following accidental ingestion of high doses in humans. In the case of chronic inhalation exposure, the liver appears to be the critical organ. Toxic effects of CCl4 in this organ are related to its biotransformation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase, specifically CYP2E1. Biotransformation of CCl4 yields trichloromethyl radicals and trichloromethylperoxy radicals which can bind to cellular macromolecules such as proteins and lipids. Central nervous system effects include headache, weakness, lethargy, and stupor. Neurological effects are generally observed at exposure levels higher than the threshold for hepatic toxicity. 150

Słowa kluczowe

PL

tetrachlorek węgla; toksyczność; narażenie zawodowe

EN

carbon tetrachloride; toxicity; occupational exxposure

• Wydawca: Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Nr 4 (70)
• Strony: 119--150
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 89 poz.,rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Jakubowski M.

• Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 91-348 Łódź ul. św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8

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