Garnet provenance in mixed first-cycle and poly-cycle heavy-mineral assemblages of the Ropianka and Menilite formations (Skole Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians) : constraints from chemical composition and grain

Salata, D.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Garnet provenance in mixed first-cycle and poly-cycle heavy-mineral assemblages of the Ropianka and Menilite formations (Skole Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians) : constraints from chemical composition and grain

Autorzy

Salata D.

Treść / Zawartość

Pełne teksty:

Pobierz

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Garnet in heavy-mineral assemblages, occurring in sandstones of the Campanian–Maastrichtian part of the Ropianka (Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene) and Menilite (Oligocene) formations of the Skole Nappe, is present as first-cycle and poly-cycle grains, derived from a proximal source, remote areas and/or from sedimentary rocks of the Skole Basin foreland. The garnets in the formations are compositionally similar, suggesting an origin from the same source rocks. Relatively large amounts of garnet, represented by euhedral or slightly rounded, weakly etched or unetched almandine and spessartine-almandine garnet, and minor pyrope-enriched almandine, were derived directly from a source close to the Skole Basin. These garnets are from sediments, metamorphosed at low- to medium-grade conditions (such as mica-schists, gneisses) and perhaps also granitic bodies. Rounded and variously etched garnets, especially high pyrope-almandine and pyrope-almandine-grossular varieties, but also partly almandine-dominated varieties, are suggested to have been derived from distant sources, such as sedimentary rocks of the Upper Silesian and Małopolska blocks. Rocks, forming uplifted parts of the crystalline basement of Brunovistulicum and/or crystalline domains of the Bohemian Massif, could have been protoliths for part of the almandine-dominated garnet population, whereas pyrope-grossular-almandine garnets may originate from the granulitic, eclogitic or metabasic rocks of the Bohemian Massif. The study shows that analyses of garnet composition, combined with observations on grain textural features and data on the lithology of clasts and pebbles, can permit the determination of sources for different garnet varieties in mixed-provenance populations.

Słowa kluczowe

detrital garnet mixed provenance protolith location flysch Skole Nappe Carpathians

Wydawca

Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne

Czasopismo

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

Rocznik

2013

Tom

Vol. 83, No. 3

Strony

161--177

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 95 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Salata D.

dorota.salata@uj.edu.pl.

Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2a, 30- 063 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

1. Ando, S., Morton, A. & Garzanti E., 2013. Metamorphic grade of source rocks revealed by chemical fingerprints of detrital amphibole and garnet. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 386, first published on June 20, 2013, doi:10.1144/ SP386.5.
2. Aubrecht, R., Meres, Š., Sykora, M. & Mikuš, T., 2009. Provenance of the detrital garnets and spinels from the Albian sediments of the Czorsztyn Unit (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Western Carpathians, Slovakia). Geologica Carpathica, 60: 463-483.
3. Bakun-Czubarow, N., 1998. Ilmenite-bearing eclogites of the West Sudetes-their geochemistry and mineral chemistry. Archiwum Mineralogiczne, 51: 29-110.
4. Bromowicz, J., 1974. Facial variability and lithological character of Inoceramian Beds of the Skole Nappe between Rzeszów and Przemyśl. Prace Geologiczne, 84: 1-81. [In Polish, English summary].
5. Bromowicz, J., 1986. Petrographic differentiation of source areas of Ropianka Beds east of Dunajec River (Outer Carpathians, Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 56: 253276. [In Polish, English summary].
6. Budzyń, B., Manecki, M. & Schneider, D. A., 2004. Constraints on P-T conditions of high-grade metamorphism in the Góry Sowie Mts., West Sudetes. Mineralogia Polonica, 35: 39-52.
7. Bues, C. & Zulauf, G., 2000. Microstructural evolution and geologic significance of garnet pyriclasites in the Hoher-Bogen shear zone (Bohemian Massif, Germany). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 88: 803-813.
8. Bukowy, S., 1957. Remarks on the sedmentation of the Babica Clays. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 26: 147-155. [In Polish, English summary].
9. Buła, Z. & Habryn, R., 2011. Precambrian and Pateozoic basement of the Carpathian Foredeep and the adjacent Outer Carpathians (SE Poland and western Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81: 221-239.
10. Buła, Z., Jawor, E. & Baran, U., 2004. Geotectonic position of Carboniferous strata in the southern part of the Upper Silesian and Małopolska blocks. In: Kotarba M. J. (ed.), Możliwości Generowania Węglowodorów w Skalach Karbonu w Południowej Części Bloku Górnośląskiego i Małopolskiego. Towarzystwo Badań Przemian Środowiska “Geosfera”, Wydawnictwo Naukowe “Akapit”, Kraków, pp. 9-14. [In Polish, English summary].
11. Buła, Z. & Żaba, J., 2008. Structure of the Precambrian basement of the eastern part of the Upper Silesian block (Brunovistulicum). Przegląd Geologiczny, 56: 473-480. [In Polish, English summary].
12. Burtan, J,. 1962. Borehole Rzeszotary 2 (preliminary report). Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 6: 245-259. [In Polish, English summary].
13. Cascalho, J. & Fradique, C., 2007. The sources and hydraulic sorting of heavy minerals on the northern Portuguese continental margin. In: Mange, M. A. and Wright, D. T. (eds), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology, 58: 75110.
14. Copjaková, R., Sulovský, P. & Paterson, B. A., 2005. Major and trace elements in pyrope-almandine garnets as sediment provenance indicators of the Lower Carboniferous Culm sediments, Drahany Uplands, Bohemian Massif. Lithos, 82: 51- 70.
15. Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A. & Zussman, J., 1992. An Introduction to the Rock-forming Minerals. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, 696 pp.
16. Dziedzic, H., 1996. The Variscan amphibotite to granulite facies transition at Bielawa in the eastern part of the Góry Sowie Block. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Earth Sciences, 44: 77-90.
17. Eynatten, H., von & Dunkl, I., 2012. Assessing the sediment factory: The role of single grain analytis. Earth-Science Reviews, 115: 97-120.
18. Faryad, S. W., 2009. The Kutná Hora Complex (Moldanubian zone, Bohemian Massif): a composde of crustal and mantle rocks subducted to HP/UHP conditions. Lithos, 109: 193208.
19. Faryad, S.W., Nahodilová, R. & Dolejš, D., 2010. Incipient eclogite facies metamorphism in the Moldanubian granutites revealed by mineral inclusions in garnet. Lithos, 114: 54-69.
20. Gasiński, M. A. & Uchman, A., 2009. Latest Maastrichtian foraminiferal assemblages from the Husów region (Skole Nappe, Outer Carpathians, Poland). Geologica Carpathica, 60: 283294.
21. Golonka, J., Krobicki, M., Oszczypko, N. & Ślączka, A., 2006. Palinspastic modelling and Carpathian Phanerozoic palaeogeographic maps. In: Oszczpko, N., Uchman, A. & Malata, E. (eds), Palaeotectonic Evolution of the Outer Carpathian and Pieniny Klippen Belt Basins. Instytut Nauk Geologicznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, pp 103-110. [In Polish, English summary].
22. Górska, L. & Heflik, W., 1975. Hornblende-epidote schists and amphibolites from crystalline basement of the Cieszyn-Kraków area. Geologia, 1(3): 41-47. [In Pohsh, Engtish summary].
23. Heflik, W. & Konior, K., 1972. Metamorphic formations in borehole Dobczyce 1. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 16: 546-556. [In Polish, English summary].
24. Heflik, W. & Konior K., 1974. The present state of knowledge concerning the crystalline basement in the Cieszyn-Rzeszotary area. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego, 273: 195-221. [In Polish, English summary].
25. Hubert, J. F., 1962. A zircon-tourmaline maturity index and the in- terdependence of the composition of heavy mineral assemblages with the gross composition and texture of sandstones. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 32: 440-450.
26. Hughes, M. G., Keene, J. B. & Joseph, R. G., 2000. Hydrautic sorting of heavy mineral grains by swash on a medium-sand beach. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 70: 994-1004.
27. Janeczek, J. & Sachanbiński, M., 1989. Beryl-bearing pegmatites in two-mica grande from the eastern part of the Strzegom- Sobótka Massif. Archiwum Mineralogiczne, 54: 57-75. [In Polish, English summary].
28. Janoušek, V., Krenn, E., Finger, F., Mikova, J. & Frýda, J., 2007. Hyperpotassic granulites from the Blanský les Massif (Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif) revisited. Journal of Geosciences, 52: 73-112.
29. Jastrzębski, M., 2009. A Variscan continental collision of the West Sudetes and the Brunovistulian terrane: a contribution from structural and metamorphic record of the Stronie Formation, the Orlica-Snieżnik Dome, SW Poland. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 98: 1901-1923.
30. Jastrzębski, M., 2012. New insights into the polyphase evotution of the Variscan suture zone: evtdence from the Staré Město Belt, NE Bohemian Massif. Geological Magazine, 149: 945963.
31. Komar, P. D. & Wang, C., 1984. Processes of selective grain transport and the formation of placers in beaches. Journal of Geology, 92: 637-655.
32. Konior, K., 1974. Geological structure of the Rzeszotary elevation in the light of recent geophystcal and drilltng data. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 44: 321-375. [In Polish, English summary].
33. Kotlarczyk, J., 1966. Diatomite horizon of the Krosno Beds in the Skole Nappe, Polish Carpathians. Studia Geologica Polonica, 19: 110-129. [In Polish, English summary].
34. Kotlarczyk, J., 1976. Przyczynki do wyjaśnienia genezy piaskowców kliwskich w Karpatach Polskich. Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Komisji Naukowej PAN, Oddział w Krakowie, 19: 185-187. [In Polish].
35. Kotlarczyk, J., 1978. Stratigraphy ofthe Ropianka Formation or of Inoceramian beds in the Skole Unit of the Flysch Carpathians. Prace Geologiczne, Polska Akademia Nauk, Oddział w Krakowie, Komisja Nauk Geologicznych, 108: 1-81. [In Polish, English summary].
36. Kotlarczyk, J., 1979. Occurrence of coal in the Carpathian flysch - some sedimentological observations. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 49: 135-154. [In Polish, English summary].
37. Kotlarczyk, J. & Leśniak, T., 1990. Lower part of the Menilite Formation and Related Futoma Diatomite Member in the Skole Unit of the Polish Carpathians. Wydawnictwo Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej, Kraków, 74 pp. [In Polish, English summary].
38. Kotlarczyk, J. & Sliwowa, M., 1963. On knowledge of the productive Carboniferous formations in the substratum of the eastern part of the Polish Carpathians. Przegląd Geologiczny, 11: 268-272. [In Polish, English summary].
39. Kröner, A., O’Brien, P. J., Nemchin, A. A. & Pidgeon, R. T., 2000. Zircon ages for high pressure granulites from South Bohemia, Czech Republic, and their connection to Carboniferous high temperature processes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 138: 127-142.
40. Kryza, R. & Pin, C., 2002. Mafic rocks in a deep-crustal segment of the Variscides (the Góry Sowie, SW Poland): evidence for crustal contamination in an extensional setting. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 91: 1017-1029.
41. Kryza, R., Pin, C. & Vielzeuf, D., 1996. High-pressure granulites from Sudetes (south-west Potand): evidence of crustal subduction and collisional thickening in the Variscan Belt. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 14: 531-546.
42. Książkiewicz, M. (ed.), 1962. Geological Atlas of Poland. Fascicle 13 - Cretaceous and Early Tertiary in the Polish External Carpathians. Instytut Geologiczny, Warszawa.
43. Książkiewicz, M., 1977. The tectonics of the Carpathians. Pożaryski, W. (ed.), Geology of Poland. Vol. 4, Tectonics. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa, pp. 476-620.
44. Kusiak, M. A., Kędzior, A., Paszkowski, M., Suzuki, K., González-Álvarez, I., Wajsprych, B. & Doktor, M., 2006. Provenance implications of Th-U-Pb electron microprobe ages from detrital monazite in the Carboniferous Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland. Lithos, 88: 56-71.
45. Locock, A. J., 2008. An Excel spreadsheet to recast analyses of garnet into end-member components, and a synopsis of the crystal chemistry of natural silicate garnets. Computer & Geosciences, 34: 1769-1780.
46. Makala, A., 1994. Garnet-layer silicates parageneses of metapelites from Stara Kamienica Chain. Western Sudetes. Archiwum Mineralogiczne, 50: 31-54.
47. Malata, T. & Poprawa, P., 2006. Evolution of the Skole Subbasin. In: Oszczpko, N., Uchman, A. & Malata, E. (eds), Palaeotectonic Evolution of the Outer Carpathian and Pieniny Klippen Belt Basins. Instytut Nauk Geologicznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, pp. 103-110. [In Polish, English summary].
48. Mange, M. A. & Maurer, H. F. W., 1992. Heavy Minerals in Colour. Chapman and Hall, London, 147 pp.
49. Mange, M. A. & Morton, A. C., 2007. Geochemtstry of heavy minerals. In: Mange, M. A. and Wright, D. T. (eds), Heavy Minerals in Use, Developments in Sedimentology, 58: 345391.
50. Mange, M. A. & Wright, D. T. (eds), 2007. Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology, 58, 1283 pp.
51. Mazur, S., Aleksandrowski, P., Kryza, R. & Oberc-Dziedzic, T., 2006. The Variscan Orogen in Poland. Geological Quarterly, 50: 89-118.
52. Medaris, L. G., Jr., Wang, H., Jelínek, E., Mihaljevic, M. & Jakes, P., 2005. Characteristics and origins of diverse Variscan peridotites in the Gföhl Nappe, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. Lithos. 82: 1-23.
53. Medaris, L. G., Jr., Ghent, E. D., Wang, H. F., Fournelle, J. H. & Jelínek, E., 2006. The Spacice eclogite: conttraints on the P-T-t history of the Gföhl granulite terrane, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. Mineralogy and Petrology, 86: 203220.
54. Méres, Š., Aubrecht, R., Gradziński, M. & Sýkora, M., 2012. High (ultrahigh) pressure metamorphic terrane rocks as the source of the detrital garnets from the Middle Jutassic sands and sandstones of the Cracow Region (Cracow-Wieluń Upland, Poland). Acta GeologicaPolonica, 62: 231-245.
55. Morton, A. C., 1984. Stability of detrital heavy minerals in Tertiary sandstones of the North Sea Basin. Clay Minerals, 19: 287-308.
56. Morton, A. C., 1987. Influences of provenance and diagenesis on detrital garnet suites in the Forties sandstone, Paleocene, central North Sea. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 57: 10271032.
57. Morton, A. C. & Hallsworth, C. R., 1999. Processes controhing the composition of heavy mineral assemblages in sandstones. Sedimentary Geology, 124: 3-29.
58. Morton, A. C. & Hallsworth, C. R., 2007. Stability of detrital heavy minerals during burial diagenesis. Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology, 58: 215-245.
59. Moryc, W. & Heflik, W., 1998. Metamorphic rocks in the basement of the Carpathians between Bielsko-Biala and Cracow. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 42: 1-14.
60. Nowak, W., 1963. Preliminary results of study on exotics from the Inoceramian Beds of the Skole series, of several sites in the Przemyśl and the Bircza Carpathians. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 7: 421-430. [In Polish, English summary].
61. O’Brien, P. J., Kröner, A., Jaeckel, P., Hegner, E., Żelaźniewicz, A. & Kryza, R., 1997. Petro togtcal and isotopic studtes on Palaeozoic high-pressure granulites, Góry Sowie Mts., Polish Sudetes. Journal of Petrology, 38: 433-456.
62. Oberc-Dziedzic, T., 1991. Uwagi o genezie granatów w granitach izerskich. Prace Geologiczno-Mineralogiczne, 23: 269-296. [In Polish].
63. Owen, J. V. & Dostal, J., 1996. Prograde metamorphism and de- compression of the Gföhl gneiss, Czech Republic. Lithos, 38: 259-270.
64. Paszkowski, M., Jachowicz, M., Michalik, M., Teller, L., Uchman, A. & Urbanek, Z., 1995. Compotition, age and provenance of gravel - sized clasts from the Upper Carboniferous of the Upper Silesia Coal Batin. Studia Geologica Polonica, 108: 45-127.
65. Pelczar, A. & Wieser, T., 1962. Budowa metamorfiku wykrytego otworem wiertniczym w Rzeszotarach. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 6: 444-445. [In Polish].
66. Pieczka, A., Gołębiowska, B. & Kraczka, J., 1997. Mn-garnets from the Sowie Mts. metamorphic pegmatites. Mineralogia Polonica, 28: 81-88.
67. Puziewicz, J. & Rudolf, N., 1998. Petrography and origin of the leucocratic two-mica gneisses of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit (Sudetes, SW Poland). Archiwum Mineralogiczne, 51: 181-212. [In Polish, English summary].
68. Puziewicz, J., Mazur, S. & Papiewska, C., 1999. Petrography and origin of two-mica paragneisses and adjacent amphibolites from Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit (Lower Silesia). Archiwum Mineralogiczne, 52: 35-70. [In Polish, Engtish summary].
69. Racek, M., Štípská, P. S., Pitra, P., Schulmann, K. & Lexa, O., 2006. Metamorphic record of burial and exhumation of orogenic lower and middle crust: a new tectonothermal model for the Drosendorf window (Bohemian Massif, Austria). Mineralogy and Petrology, 86: 221-251.
70. Racek, M., Štípská, P. S. & Powell, R., 2008. Garnet-clinopyroxene intermediate granutites in the St. Leonhard massif of the Bohemian Massif: ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism at high pressure or not? Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 26: 253-271.
71. Rajchel, J., 1990. Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Paleocene and Eocene sediments from the Skole Unit. Zeszyty Naukowe AGH, Geologia, 48: 1-112. [In Polish, English summary].
72. Rajchel, J. & Myszkowska, J., 1998. Exotic clasts of organodetritic algal limestones from lithosomes of the Babica Clay, Skole Unit (Outer Flysch Carpathians, Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 68: 225-235.
73. Redlińska-Marczyńska, A., 2011. Gieraltów versus Snieżnik gneisses - what is the real difference? Geologos, 17: 71-96.
74. Salata, D., 2013a. Source rocks for heavy minerals in lower part of Menilite Formation of Skole Nappe (Polish Flysch Carpathians), based on study of detrital garnet and tourmahne. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 83: 1-17.
75. Salata, D., 2013b. Heavy minerals as detritus provenance indicators for the Jurassic pre-Callovian palaeokarst infill from the Czatkowice Quarry (Kraków-Wieluń Upland, Poland). Geological Quarterly, 57: 537-550.
76. Salata, D., 2014. Detrital tourmahne as indicator of its source rocks lithology: example from the Ropianka and Menilite formations (Skole Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians). Geological Quarterly, 58 (1), in press, doi: 10.7306/gq.1133
77. Salata, D. & Uchman, A., 2012. Heavy minerals from the Oligocene sandstones of the Menilite Formation of the Skole Nappe, SE Poland: a tool for provenance specification. Geo- logical Quarterly, 56: 803-820.
78. Salata, D. & Uchman, A., 2013. Conventional and high-resolution heavy mineral analyses applied to flysch sediments: comparative provenance studies of the Ropianka (Upper Cretaceous - Palaeocene) and Menilite (Oligocene) formations (Skole Nappe, Poltsh Carpathians). Geological Quarterly, 57, (4): 649-664.
79. Sevastjanova, I., Hall, R. & Alterton, D., 2012. A detrital heavy mineral viewpoint on sediment provenance and tropical weathering in SE Asia. Sedimentary Geology, 280: 179-194.
80. Suggate, S., 2011. Provenance of Neogene Sandstones of Sabah, Northern Borneo. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Royal Holloway University of London, 441 pp.
81. Suggate, S. M. & Hall, R., 2013. Using detrital garnet compositions to determine provenance: a new compositional database and procedure. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 386, first published on July 18, 2013, doi:10.1144/ SP386.8.
82. Slączka, A. & Unrug, R., 1966. Sedimentary structures and petrology of some sandstone members of the Menilite Beds, Carpathians. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 36: 155-184. [In Polish, English summary].
83. Štipská, P., Pitra, P. & Powell, R., 2006. Separate or shared metamorphic histories of eclogites and surrounding rocks? An example from the Bohemian Massif. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 24: 219-240.
84. Tajcmanová, L., Konopásek, J. & Conolly, J. A. D., 2006. Diffusion-controlled development of silica-undersaturated domains in felsic granulites of the Bohemian Massif (Variscan belt of Central Europe). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153: 237-250.
85. Turnau, E., 1962. The age of coal fragments from the Cretaceous depostts in the Outer Carpathians, determined on microspores. Bulletin d’Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Seérie des Sciences Geéologiques et Geéographiques, 10: 85-89.
86. Turnau, E., 1970. Plant microfossils and palaeogeography of the Carboniferous coal deposits in Polish Carpathians. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 235: 163-244. [In Polish, English summary].
87. Unrug, R., 1979. Palinspastic reconstruction of the Carpathian arc betore the Neogene tectogenesis. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 49: 3-21.
88. Vrána, S., 2008. Mineral inclusions in pyrope from garnet peridotites, Kolín area, central Czech Repubtic. Journal of Geosciences, 53: 17-30.
89. Vrána, S. & Bártek, J., 2005. Retrograde metamorphism in a regional shear zone and related chemical changes: The Kapice Unit of muscovite-biotite gneisses in the Moldanubian Zone of southern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Journal of Czech Geological Society, 50: 43-57.
90. Vrána, S., Štědrá, V. & Fišera, M., 2005. Petrology and geochemistry of the Běstvina granulite body metamorphosed at eclogite facies conditions, Bohemian Massif. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 50: 95-106.
91. Wdowiarz, S., 1949. Structure géologique des Carpates marginales au sud-est de Rzeszów. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 11: 1-51. [In Polish, French summary].
92. Win, K. S., Takeuchi, M. & Tokiwa, T., 2007. Changes in detrital garnet assemblages related to transpressive uplifting associated with strike-slip faulting: an example from the Cretaceous System in Kii Peninsula, southwest Japan. Sedimentary Geology, 201: 412-431.
93. Żelaźniewicz, A., Aleksandrowski, P., Bula, Z., Karnkowski, P. H., Konon, A., Oszczypko, N., Ślączka, A., Żaba, J. & Żytko, K., 2011. Regionalizacja Tektoniczna Polski. Komitet Nauk Geologicznych PAN, Wrocław. [In Polish].
94. Żgiet, J., 1963. Wstępna charakterystyka sedymentologiczna piaskowców kliwskich. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 7: 715-716. [In Polish].
95. Żytko, K. & Malata, T., 2001. Paleogeograficzna pozycja fliszu jednostki Obidowej-Słopnic w basenie Karpat zewnętrznych. Przegląd Geologiczny, 49: 425-430. [In Polish, English abstract].

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-98c10578-2eea-4cab-a245-e51111a5ead6