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Local scour due to water jet from a nozzle with plates

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
In this study, local scour occurring downstream from a nozzle with and without plates formed in cohesionless materials was investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed to determine scour geometry, maximum scour depth, and the efect of aeration on scour for water jets impinged obliquely into the downstream pool. Dimensionless variables afecting the scour were determined as densimetric Froude number, dimensionless impingement length, and the ratio of densimetric Froude number to dimensionless impingement length. Experiments were conducted for three nozzle diameters with plates, three nozzle diameters without plates, two diferent impingement lengths, and three diferent exit velocities. The results of the experiments showed that the use of the plates in the nozzle, jet impact velocity, jet shape, jet expansion, jet impingement length, and air entrainment rate were critical parameters for scour geometry. As a result, it was found that the jets from a nozzle with plates entrained more air bubbles into the impingement pool than jets from nozzles without plates, thereby decreasing maximum scour depth by spreading the scour over a larger area. This was evident by increasing the impingement length. In addition, scour equations were obtained to determine maximum scour depth, ridge height, and scour hole length from experimental data.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Strony
95--112
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 35 poz.
Twórcy
autor
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
Bibliografia
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  • 2. Ade F, Rajaratnam N (1998) Generalized study of erosion by circular horizontal turbulent jets. J Hydraul Res 36(4):613–633
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  • 4. Canepa S, Hager WH (2003) Effect of jet air content on plunge pool scour. J Hydraul Eng 129(5):358–365
  • 5. Chakravarti A, Jain RK, Kothyari UC (2013) Scour under submerged circular vertical jets in cohesionless sediments. ISH J Hydraul Eng 20(1):32–37
  • 6. Chiew YM, Lim SY (1996) Local scour by a deeply submerged horizontal circular jet. J Hydraul Eng 122(9):529–532
  • 7. Dey S, Bose SK, Sastry GLN (1995) Clear water scour at circular piers: a model. J Hydraul Eng 121(12):869–876
  • 8. Dong C, Yu G, Zhang H, Zhang M (2020) Scouring by submerged steady water jet vertically impinging on a cohesive bed. Ocean Eng 196:106781
  • 9. Emiroglu ME, Baylar A (2003) Role of nozzles with air holes in air entrainment by a water jet. Water Qual Res J Can 38(4):785–795
  • 10. Farhoudi J, Smith KVH (1985) Local scour profiles downstream of hydraulic jump. J Hydraul Res 23(4):343–358
  • 11. Fritz HM, Hager WH (1998) Hydraulics of embankment weirs. J Hydraul Eng 124(9):963–971
  • 12. Gu L, Ni F, Xu L, and Zhang H (2015) An experiment of sand beds eroded by submerged plane jets. Int Conf on Appl Mech and Mechatronics Eng
  • 13. Hager WH, Schleiss AJ, Boes RM, Pfister M (2019) Hydraulic engineering of dams, CRC Press
  • 14. Hou J, Zhang L, Gong Y, Ning D, Zhang Z (2016) Theoretical and experimental study of scour depth by submerged water jet. Adv in Mech Eng 8(12):1–9
  • 15. Kartal V (2018) Investigation of effect of nozzle type on scour geometry in water jets. Msc Thesis. Ins of Sci, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
  • 16. Khaple S, Hanmaiahgari PR, Gaudio R, Dey S (2017) Interference of an upstream pier on local scour at downstream piers. Acta Geophys 65(1):29–46
  • 17. Martino RG, Ciani FG, Paterson A, Piva MF (2019) Experimental study on the scour due to a water jet subjected to lateral confinement. Eur J Mech/B Fluids 75:219–227
  • 18. Mason PJ (1989) Effects of air-entrainment on plunge pool scour. J Hydraul Res 115(3):385–399
  • 19. Mazurek KA, Rajaratnam N (2005) Erosion of sand beds by obliquely impinging plane turbulent air jets. J Hydraul Res 43(5):567–573
  • 20. Pagliara S, Hager WH, Minor HE (2006) Hydraulics of plane plunge pool scour. J Hydraul Eng 132(5):450–461
  • 21. Pagliara S, Palermo M (2013) Rock grade control structures and stepped gabion weirs: Scour analysis and flow features. Acta Geophys 61(1):126–150
  • 22. Pagliara S, Palermo M (2017) Scour process caused by multiple subvertical non-crossing jets. Water Sci Eng 10(1):17–24
  • 23. Palermo M, Pagliara S, Bombardelli FA (2020) Theoretical approach for shear-stress estimation at 2D equilibrium scour holes in granular material due to subvertical plunging jets. J Hydraul Eng 146(4):04020009
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  • 25. Rajaratnam N, Beltaos S (1977) Erosion by impinging circular turbulent jets. ASCE J Hydraul Div 103(10):1191–1205
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  • 28. Rajaratnam N, Aderibigbe O, Pochylko D (1995) Erosion of sand beds by oblique plane water jets. Water Maritime Energy 112:31–38
  • 29. Rajaratnam N, Mazurek KA (2002) Erosion of a polystyrene bed by obliquely impinging circular turbulent air jets. J Hydraul Res 40(6):709–716
  • 30. Rouse H (1939) Criteria for similarity in the transportation of sediment. Iowa Inst of Hydraul Res Univ of Iowa 20:33–49
  • 31. Samma H, Khosrojerdi A, Rostam-Abadi M, Mehraein M, Cataño-Lopera Y (2020) Numerical simulation of scour and flow field over movable bed induced by a submerged wall jet. J Hydroinform 22(2):385–401
  • 32. Sarkar A, Dey S (2004) Review on local scour due to jets. Int J of Sed Res 19(3):210–239
  • 33. Tastan K, Kocak PP, Yildirim N (2016) Effect of the bed-sediment layer on the Scour caused by a jet. Arab J for Sci Eng 41(10):4029–4037
  • 34. Tafarojnoruz A, Gaudio R, Calomino F (2012) Bridge pier scour mitigation under steady and unsteady flow conditions. Acta Geophys 60(4):1076–1097
  • 35. Xu W, Deng J, Qu J, Liu S, Wang W (2004) Experimental investigation on influence of aeration on plane jet scour. J Hydraul Eng 130(2):160–164
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-987cfc3b-1df7-44cd-8ef1-b90f4a614dd4
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