Local scour due to water jet from a nozzle with plates

Kartal, Veysi; Emiroglu, M. Emin

doi:10.1007/s11600-020-00521-1

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Local scour due to water jet from a nozzle with plates

Autorzy

Kartal Veysi , Emiroglu M. Emin

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

https://www.springer.com/journal/11600

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11600-020-00521-1

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

In this study, local scour occurring downstream from a nozzle with and without plates formed in cohesionless materials was investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed to determine scour geometry, maximum scour depth, and the efect of aeration on scour for water jets impinged obliquely into the downstream pool. Dimensionless variables afecting the scour were determined as densimetric Froude number, dimensionless impingement length, and the ratio of densimetric Froude number to dimensionless impingement length. Experiments were conducted for three nozzle diameters with plates, three nozzle diameters without plates, two diferent impingement lengths, and three diferent exit velocities. The results of the experiments showed that the use of the plates in the nozzle, jet impact velocity, jet shape, jet expansion, jet impingement length, and air entrainment rate were critical parameters for scour geometry. As a result, it was found that the jets from a nozzle with plates entrained more air bubbles into the impingement pool than jets from nozzles without plates, thereby decreasing maximum scour depth by spreading the scour over a larger area. This was evident by increasing the impingement length. In addition, scour equations were obtained to determine maximum scour depth, ridge height, and scour hole length from experimental data.

Słowa kluczowe

water jet scour nozzle plates aeration downstream pool bed sediment layer

strumień wody rozmycie dysza płyty napowietrzanie

Wydawca

Instytut Geofizyki PAN
Springer

Czasopismo

Acta Geophysica

Rocznik

2021

Tom

Vol. 69, no. 1

Strony

95--112

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 35 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kartal Veysi

vkartal@frat.edu.tr

Department of Civil Engineering, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-1281

autor

Emiroglu M. Emin

Department of Civil Engineering, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey

Bibliografia

1. Aderibigbe O, Rajaratnam N (1996) Erosion of loose beds by submerged circular impinging vertical turbulent jets. J Hydraul Res 34(1):19–33
2. Ade F, Rajaratnam N (1998) Generalized study of erosion by circular horizontal turbulent jets. J Hydraul Res 36(4):613–633
3. Bagatur T, Sekerdag N (2003) Air-entrainment characteristics in a plunging water jet system using rectangular nozzles with rounded ends. Water SA 29(1):35–38
4. Canepa S, Hager WH (2003) Effect of jet air content on plunge pool scour. J Hydraul Eng 129(5):358–365
5. Chakravarti A, Jain RK, Kothyari UC (2013) Scour under submerged circular vertical jets in cohesionless sediments. ISH J Hydraul Eng 20(1):32–37
6. Chiew YM, Lim SY (1996) Local scour by a deeply submerged horizontal circular jet. J Hydraul Eng 122(9):529–532
7. Dey S, Bose SK, Sastry GLN (1995) Clear water scour at circular piers: a model. J Hydraul Eng 121(12):869–876
8. Dong C, Yu G, Zhang H, Zhang M (2020) Scouring by submerged steady water jet vertically impinging on a cohesive bed. Ocean Eng 196:106781
9. Emiroglu ME, Baylar A (2003) Role of nozzles with air holes in air entrainment by a water jet. Water Qual Res J Can 38(4):785–795
10. Farhoudi J, Smith KVH (1985) Local scour profiles downstream of hydraulic jump. J Hydraul Res 23(4):343–358
11. Fritz HM, Hager WH (1998) Hydraulics of embankment weirs. J Hydraul Eng 124(9):963–971
12. Gu L, Ni F, Xu L, and Zhang H (2015) An experiment of sand beds eroded by submerged plane jets. Int Conf on Appl Mech and Mechatronics Eng
13. Hager WH, Schleiss AJ, Boes RM, Pfister M (2019) Hydraulic engineering of dams, CRC Press
14. Hou J, Zhang L, Gong Y, Ning D, Zhang Z (2016) Theoretical and experimental study of scour depth by submerged water jet. Adv in Mech Eng 8(12):1–9
15. Kartal V (2018) Investigation of effect of nozzle type on scour geometry in water jets. Msc Thesis. Ins of Sci, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
16. Khaple S, Hanmaiahgari PR, Gaudio R, Dey S (2017) Interference of an upstream pier on local scour at downstream piers. Acta Geophys 65(1):29–46
17. Martino RG, Ciani FG, Paterson A, Piva MF (2019) Experimental study on the scour due to a water jet subjected to lateral confinement. Eur J Mech/B Fluids 75:219–227
18. Mason PJ (1989) Effects of air-entrainment on plunge pool scour. J Hydraul Res 115(3):385–399
19. Mazurek KA, Rajaratnam N (2005) Erosion of sand beds by obliquely impinging plane turbulent air jets. J Hydraul Res 43(5):567–573
20. Pagliara S, Hager WH, Minor HE (2006) Hydraulics of plane plunge pool scour. J Hydraul Eng 132(5):450–461
21. Pagliara S, Palermo M (2013) Rock grade control structures and stepped gabion weirs: Scour analysis and flow features. Acta Geophys 61(1):126–150
22. Pagliara S, Palermo M (2017) Scour process caused by multiple subvertical non-crossing jets. Water Sci Eng 10(1):17–24
23. Palermo M, Pagliara S, Bombardelli FA (2020) Theoretical approach for shear-stress estimation at 2D equilibrium scour holes in granular material due to subvertical plunging jets. J Hydraul Eng 146(4):04020009
24. Rajaratnam N (1976) Turbulent Jets. Elsevier Publishing Co, Amsterdam
25. Rajaratnam N, Beltaos S (1977) Erosion by impinging circular turbulent jets. ASCE J Hydraul Div 103(10):1191–1205
26. Rajaratnam N, Berry B (1977) Erosion by circular turbulent wall-jets. J Hydraul Res 15(3):277–289
27. Rajaratnam N, Diebel M (1981) Erosion below culvert-like structures. Sixth Canad Hydrotec Conf. 469–484
28. Rajaratnam N, Aderibigbe O, Pochylko D (1995) Erosion of sand beds by oblique plane water jets. Water Maritime Energy 112:31–38
29. Rajaratnam N, Mazurek KA (2002) Erosion of a polystyrene bed by obliquely impinging circular turbulent air jets. J Hydraul Res 40(6):709–716
30. Rouse H (1939) Criteria for similarity in the transportation of sediment. Iowa Inst of Hydraul Res Univ of Iowa 20:33–49
31. Samma H, Khosrojerdi A, Rostam-Abadi M, Mehraein M, Cataño-Lopera Y (2020) Numerical simulation of scour and flow field over movable bed induced by a submerged wall jet. J Hydroinform 22(2):385–401
32. Sarkar A, Dey S (2004) Review on local scour due to jets. Int J of Sed Res 19(3):210–239
33. Tastan K, Kocak PP, Yildirim N (2016) Effect of the bed-sediment layer on the Scour caused by a jet. Arab J for Sci Eng 41(10):4029–4037
34. Tafarojnoruz A, Gaudio R, Calomino F (2012) Bridge pier scour mitigation under steady and unsteady flow conditions. Acta Geophys 60(4):1076–1097
35. Xu W, Deng J, Qu J, Liu S, Wang W (2004) Experimental investigation on influence of aeration on plane jet scour. J Hydraul Eng 130(2):160–164

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-987cfc3b-1df7-44cd-8ef1-b90f4a614dd4