Low-Intensity Cutting Leads to Similar Forest Structure and Tree Diversity as in Protected Stands

• Autorzy: Dobrowolska Dorota , Orman Olga , Tiwari Ravi M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/15052249PJE2020.68.2.004

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Forest structure in Europe has been shaped by forest management which may vary from intensive clearcuttings to single-tree selection cuttings. Most investigations on silver fir forests have been carried out in the mountains. Forests in lowlands have been less studied, although many of them are of natural origin. We investigated and assessed potential stand structural differences between managed and partially protected mixed silver fir stands. We also assessed the impact of silvicultural activities that led to the development of current stand structures of mixed Abies alba stands. The study was conducted in Janów Forests in south-eastern Poland. We randomly established 40 circular nested plots in three managed and three partially protected stands. Although both managed and partially protected stands differed in the intensity of management and the type of selection cuttings, we found little difference in the composition and stand structure. Regardless of management intensity all stands were characterized by diversified natural regeneration, where the main tree species, especially in the phase of seedlings, was silver fir. The basal area of standing dead trees was higher for the protected than managed stands, but the differences were not significant, whereas the mean volume of dead standing trees was significantly higher in the reserve. Both in managed and protected stands, silver fir benefited from the management measures mimicking natural processes. Our results suggest that low intensity forest management for silver fir dominated forests will be crucial for conserving these forests and their unique structure in the region.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

forest management; forest stand deadwood; silver fir; young generation

PL

gospodarka leśna; leśny drzewostan martwy; jodła srebrna; młode pokolenie

• Wydawca: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 68, nr 2
• Strony: 145--158
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 67 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Dobrowolska Dorota

• Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Ecology, Sękocin Stary, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland

autor

Orman Olga

• Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-420 Kraków, Poland

autor

Tiwari Ravi M.

• College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China

Bibliografia

• 1. Angers V. A., Messier C., Beaudet M., Leduc A. 2005 – Comparing composition and structure in old-growth and harvested (selection and diameter-limit cuts) northern hardwood stands in Quebec – For. Ecol. Manage. 217: 275-293.
• 2. Bengtsson J., Nilsson S. G., Franc A., Menozzi P. 2000 – Biodiversity, disturbances, ecosystem function and management of European forests – For. Ecol. Manage. 132: 39-50.
• 3. Benítez Á., Prieto M., Aragón G. 2015 – Large trees and dense canopies: key factors for maintaining high epiphytic diversity on trunk bases (bryophytes and lichens) in tropical montane forests – Forestry, 88: 521-527.
• 4. Boch S., Prati D., Müller J., Socher S., Baumbach H., Buscot F., Gockel S., Hemp A., Hessenmöller D., Kalko E. K. 2013 – High plant species richness indicates management-related disturbances rather than the conservation status of forests – Basic Appl. Ecol. 14: 496-505.
• 5. Boncina A. 2000 – Comparison of structure and biodiversity in the Rajhenav virgin forest remnant and managed forest in the Dinaric region of Slovenia – Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 9: 201-211.
• 6. Boncina A., Cavlovic J., Curovic M., Govedar Z., Klopcic M., Medarevic M. 2013 – A comparative analysis of recent changes in Dinaric uneven-aged forests of the NW Balkans – Forestry, 87: 71-84.
• 7. Bouget C., Larrieu L., Nusillard B., Parmain G. 2013 – In search of the best local habitat drivers for saproxylic beetle diversity in temperate deciduous forests – Biodivers. Conserv. 22: 2111-2130.
• 8. Brang P., Spathelf P., Larsen J. B., Bauhus J., Bončìna A., Chauvin C., Drössler L., García-Güemes C., Heiri C., Kerr G. 2014 – Suitability of close-to-nature silviculture for adapting temperate European forests to climate change – Forestry, 87: 492-503.
• 9. Bruchwald A., 1999 – [Forest mensuration] – Wyd. SGGW Warszawa (in Polish).
• 10. Burivalova Z., Şekercioğlu Ç. H., Koh L. P. 2014 – Thresholds of logging intensity to maintain tropical forest biodiversity – Current Biol. 24: 1893-1898.
• 11. Burrascano S., Keeton W. S., Sabatini F. M., Blasi C. 2013 – Commonality and variability in the structural attributes of moist temperate old-growth forests: a global review – For. Ecol. Manage. 291: 458-479.
• 12. Čater M., Kobler A. 2017 – Light response of Fagus sylvatica L. and Abies alba Mill. in different categories of forest edge-vertical abundance in two silvicultural systems – For. Ecol. Manage. 391: 417-426.
• 13. Čater M., Levanič T. 2013 – Response of Fagus sylvatica L. and Abies alba Mill. in different silvicultural systems of the high Dinaric karst – For. Ecol. Manage. 289: 278-288.
• 14. Commarmot B., Bachofen H., Bundziak Y., Bürgi A., Ramp B., Shparyk Y., Sukhariuk D., Viter R., Zingg A. 2005 – Structures of virgin and managed beech forests in Uholka (Ukraine) and Sihlwald (Switzerland): a comparative study – For. Snow Lands. Res. 79: 45-56.
• 15. Czerepko J. 2008 – [Biodiversity of Polish forests based on the monitoring observation plots] – IBL Sękocin Stary (in Polish).
• 16. Deal R. L., Tappeiner J. C. 2002 – The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock - Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska – For. Ecol. Manage. 159: 173-186.
• 17. Diaci J., Rozenbergar D., Anic I., Mikac S., Saniga M., Kucbel S., Visnjic C., Ballian D. 2011 – Structural dynamics and synchronous silver fir decline in mixed old-growth mountain forests in Eastern and Southeastern Europe – Forestry, 84: 479-491.
• 18. Dobrowolska D. 1998 – Structure of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) natural regeneration in the Jata reserve in Poland – For. Ecol. Manage. 110: 237-247.
• 19. Dobrowolska D., Bončina A., Klumpp R. 2017a – Ecology and silviculture of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.): a review – J. For. Res. 22: 326-335.
• 20. Dobrowolska D., Niemczyk M., Olszowska G. 2017b – The influence of stand structure on European yew Taxus baccata populations in its natural habitats in central Poland – Pol. J. Ecol. 65: 369-385.
• 21. Dobrowolska D., Veblen T. T. 2008 – Treefall-gap structure and regeneration in mixed Abies alba stands in central Poland – For. Ecol. Manage. 255: 3469-3476.
• 22. Doerfler I., Müller J., Gossner M. M., Hofner B., Weisser W. W. 2017 – Success of a deadwood enrichment strategy in production forests depends on stand type and management intensity – For. Ecol. Manage. 400: 607-620.
• 23. Efron B., Tibshirani R. J. 1994 – An introduction to the bootstrap – CRC press.
• 24. Forrester D. I., Kohnle U., Albrecht A. T., Bauhus J. 2013 – Complementarity in mixed-species stands of Abies alba and Picea abies varies with climate, site quality and stand density – For. Ecol. Manage. 304: 233-242.
• 25. Franklin J. F., Denison W., McKee A., Maser C., Sedell J., Swanson F., Juday G. 1981 – Ecological characteristics of old-growth Douglas-fir forests – Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-118. Portland, OR: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 48 pp 118.
• 26. Franklin J. F., Spies T. A., Van Pelt R., Carey A. B., Thornburgh D. A., Berg D. R., Lindenmayer D. B., Harmon M. E., Keeton W. S., Shaw D. C. 2002 – Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example – For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 399-423.
• 27. Gibson L., Lee T. M., Koh L. P., Brook B. W., Gardner T. A., Barlow J., Peres C. A., Bradshaw C. J., Laurance W. F., Lovejoy T. E. 2011 – Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity – Nature, 478: 378.
• 28. Gossner M. M., Lachat T., Brunet J., Isacsson G., Bouget C., Brustel H., Brandl R., Weisser W. W., Mueller J. 2013 – Current near-to-nature forest management effects on functional trait composition of saproxylic beetles in beech forests – Conserv. Biol. 27: 605-614.
• 29. Grassi G., Minotta G., Tonon G., Bagnaresi U. 2004 – Dynamics of Norway spruce and silver fir natural regeneration in a mixed stand under uneven-aged management – Can. J. For. Res. 34: 141-149.
• 30. Hansen J. 2004 – Conversion of coniferous forests - will ecological and economic needs meet – EFI News, 12: 3-6.
• 31. Harmon M. E., Franklin J. F., Swanson F. J., Sollins P., Gregory S. V., Lattin J. D., Anderson N. H., Cline S. P., Aumen N. G., Sedell J. R. 1986 – Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems (In: Advances in Ecological Research) – Elsevier, pp. 133-302.
• 32. Horvat V., García De Vicuña J., Biurrun I., García-Mijangos I. 2018 – Managed and unmanaged silver fir-beech forests show similar structural features in the western Pyrenees – iForest-Biogeosci. For. 11: 698.
• 33. Janowiak M. K., Nagel L. M., Webster C. R. 2008 – Spatial scale and stand structure in northern hardwood forests: implications for quantifying diameter distributions – For. Sci. 54: 497-506.
• 34. Jonsson B. G., Ekström M., Esseen P.-A., Grafström A., Staahl G., Westerlund B. 2016 – Dead wood availability in managed Swedish forests - policy outcomes and implications for biodiversity – For. Ecol. Manage. 376: 174-182.
• 35. Keren S., Diaci J., Motta R., Govedar Z. 2017 – Stand structural complexity of mixed old-growth and adjacent selection forests in the Dinaric Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina – For. Ecol. Manage. 400: 531-541.
• 36. Klopčič M., Simončič T., Bončina A. 2015 – Comparison of regeneration and recruitment of shade-tolerant and light-demanding tree species in mixed uneven-aged forests: experiences from the Dinaric region – Forestry, 88: 552-563.
• 37. Král K., Janík D., Vrška T., Adam D., Hort L., Unar P., Šamonil P. 2010 – Local variability of stand structural features in beech dominated natural forests of Central Europe: implications for sampling – For. Ecol. Manage. 260: 2196-2203.
• 38. Kulakowski D., Seidl R., Holeksa J., Kuuluvainen T., Nagel T. A., Panayotov M., Svoboda M., Thorn S., Vacchiano G., Whitlock C. 2017 – A walk on the wild side: disturbance dynamics and the conservation and management of European mountain forest ecosystems – For. Ecol. Manage. 388: 120-131.
• 39. Le Roux D. S., Ikin K., Lindenmayer D. B., Bistricer G., Manning A. D., Gibbons P. 2016 – Enriching small trees with artificial nest boxes cannot mimic the value of large trees for hollow-nesting birds – Restor. Ecol. 24: 252-258.
• 40. Lindenmayer D. B., Franklin J. F. 2002 – Conserving forest biodiversity: a comprehensive multiscaled approach – Island press.
• 41. Lombardi F., Cherubini P., Lasserre B., Tognetti R., Marchetti M. 2008 – Tree rings used to assess time since death of deadwood of different decay classes in beech and silver fir forests in the central Apennines (Molise, Italy) – Can. J. For. Res. 38: 821-833.
• 42. Lorenc H. 2005 – [Atlas of Polish climate] – IMiGW Warszawa (in Polish).
• 43. Maciejewski Z., Szwagrzyk J. 2011 – Long-term changes in stand composition of natural forest associations on the Roztocze highlands (eastern Poland) – Pol. J. Ecol. 59: 535-549.
• 44. Mackenthun G. L. 2004 – The role of Ulmus laevis in German floodplain landscapes – For. Syst. 13: 55-63.
• 45. Motta R., Berretti R., Borchi S., Bresciani A., Garbarino M., Trucchi D. 2013 – Stand structure and coarse woody debris profile of ‘La Verna’ forest (Arezzo, Italy) – Ital. J. For. Mount. Environ. 65: 591-605.
• 46. Motta R., Garbarino F. 2003 – Stand history and its consequences for the present and future dynamic in two silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in the high Pesio Valley (Piedmont, Italy) – Ann. For. Sci. 60: 361-370.
• 47. Nagel T. A., Svoboda M., Diaci J. 2006 – Regeneration patterns after intermediate wind disturbance in an old-growth Fagus - Abies forest in southeastern Slovenia – For. Ecol. Manage. 226: 268-278.
• 48. O'Hara K. L. 2016 – What is close-to-nature silviculture in a changing world? – Forestry, 89: 1-6.
• 49. O'Hara K. L., Gersonde R. F. 2004 – Stocking control concepts in uneven-aged silviculture – Forestry, 77: 131-143.
• 50. O'Hara K. L., Hasenauer H., Kindermann G. 2007 – Sustainability in multi-aged stands: an analysis of long-term plenter systems – Forestry, 80: 163-181.
• 51. Orman O., Dobrowolska D., Szwagrzyk J. 2018 – Gap regeneration patterns in Carpathian old-growth mixed beech forests – interactive effects of spruce bark beetle canopy disturbance and deer herbivory – For. Ecol. Manage. 430: 451-459.
• 52. Paci M., Bianchi L. 2008 – Dynamics and management of silver fir stand in Tuscany: a review of long-term research – Forest@, 5: 122-130.
• 53. Paillet Y., Pernot C., Boulanger V., Debaive N., Fuhr M., Gilg O., Gosselin F. 2015 – Quantifying the recovery of old-growth attributes in forest reserves: a first reference for France – For. Ecol. Manage. 346: 51-64.
• 54. Parviainen J., Bücking W., Vandekerkhove K., Schuck A., Päivinen R. 2000 – Strict forest reserves in Europe: efforts to enhance biodiversity and research on forests left for free development in Europe (EU-COST-Action E4) – Forestry, 73: 107-118.
• 55. Poschenrieder W., Rais A., van de Kuilen J. W. G., Pretzsch H. 2016 – Modelling sawn timber volume and strength development at the individual tree level-essential model features by the example of Douglas fir – Silva Fenn. 50: 1-25.
• 56. Pouska V., Svoboda M., Lepšová A. 2010 – The diversity of wood-decaying fungi in relation to changing site conditions in an old-growth mountain spruce forest, Central Europe – Eur. J. For. Res. 129: 219-231.
• 57. Rozenbergar D., Mikac S., Anic I., Diaci J. 2007 – Gap regeneration patterns in relationship to light heterogeneity in two old-growth beech-fir forest reserves in South East Europe – Forestry, 80: 431-443.
• 58. Schütz J.-P. 2002 – Silvicultural tools to develop irregular and diverse forest structures – Forestry, 75: 329-337.
• 59. Siitonen J., Martikainen P., Punttila P. 2000 – Coarse woody debris and stand characteristics in mature man- aged and old-growth boreal mesic forests in southern Finland – For. Ecol. Manage. 128: 211-225.
• 60. Silver E. J., D'Amato A. W., Fraver S., Palik B. J., Bradford J. B. 2013 – Structure and development of old-growth, unmanaged second-growth, and extended rotation Pinus resinosa forests in Minnesota, USA – For. Ecol. Manage. 291: 110-118.
• 61. Spiecker H. 2003 – Silvicultural management in maintaining biodiversity and resistance of forests in Europe - temperate zone – J. Environ. Manage. 67: 55-65.
• 62. Stokland J. N., Siitonen J., Jonsson B. G. 2012 – Biodiversity in dead wood – Cambridge University Press.
• 63. Suzuki M., Miyashita T., Kabaya H., Ochiai K., Asada M., Tange T. 2008 – Deer density affects ground-layer vegetation differently in conifer plantations and hardwood forests on the Boso Peninsula, Japan – Ecol. Res. 23: 151-158.
• 64. Szewczyk J., Szwagrzyk J. 1996 – Tree regeneration on rotten wood and on soil in old-growth stand – Vegetatio, 122: 37-46.
• 65. Vrška T., Adam D., Hort L., Kolář T., Janík D. 2009 – European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) rotation in the Carpathians - a developmental cycle or a linear trend induced by man? – For. Ecol. Manage. 258: 347-356.
• 66. Winter S., Möller G. C. 2008 – Microhabitats in lowland beech forests as monitoring tool for nature conservation – For. Ecol. Manage 255: 1251-1261.
• 67. Woziwoda B., Kopec D. 2015 – Changes in the silver fir forest vegetation 50 years after cessation of active management – Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 84: 177-187.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).