Computing the Stackelberg/Nash equilibria using the extraproximal method: Convergence analysis and implementation details for Markov chains games

• Autorzy: Trejo K. K. , Clempner J. B. , Poznyak A. S.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/amcs-2015-0026

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In this paper we present the extraproximal method for computing the Stackelberg/Nash equilibria in a class of ergodic controlled finite Markov chains games. We exemplify the original game formulation in terms of coupled nonlinear programming problems implementing the Lagrange principle. In addition, Tikhonov's regularization method is employed to ensure the convergence of the cost-functions to a Stackelberg/Nash equilibrium point. Then, we transform the problem into a system of equations in the proximal format. We present a two-step iterated procedure for solving the extraproximal method: (a) the first step (the extra-proximal step) consists of a “prediction” which calculates the preliminary position approximation to the equilibrium point, and (b) the second step is designed to find a “basic adjustment” of the previous prediction. The procedure is called the “extraproximal method” because of the use of an extrapolation. Each equation in this system is an optimization problem for which the necessary and efficient condition for a minimum is solved using a quadratic programming method. This solution approach provides a drastically quicker rate of convergence to the equilibrium point. We present the analysis of the convergence as well the rate of convergence of the method, which is one of the main results of this paper. Additionally, the extraproximal method is developed in terms of Markov chains for Stackelberg games. Our goal is to analyze completely a three-player Stackelberg game consisting of a leader and two followers. We provide all the details needed to implement the extraproximal method in an efficient and numerically stable way. For instance, a numerical technique is presented for computing the first step parameter (λ) of the extraproximal method. The usefulness of the approach is successfully demonstrated by a numerical example related to a pricing oligopoly model for airlines companies.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

extraproximal method; Stackelberg games; convergence analysis; Markov chains; implementation

PL

gry Stackelberga; analiza zbieżności; łańcuchy Markowa

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
• Czasopismo: International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 25, no. 2
• Strony: 337--351
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Trejo K. K.

• Department of Automatic Control, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico

autor

Clempner J. B.

• Center for Economics, Management and Social Research, National Polytechnic Institute, Lauro Aguirre 120, col. Agricultura, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, 11360, Mexico

autor

Poznyak A. S.

• Department of Automatic Control, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico

Bibliografia

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