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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
This paper is made NOx pollution emitted by port auxiliary vessels, specifically by harbour tugs, due to its unique operating characteristics of operation, require a large propulsion power changes discontinuously, also possess some peculiar technical characteristics, large tonnage and high propulsive power, that differentiate them from other auxiliary vessels of the port. Taking into account all the above features, there are no studies of the NOx emission engines caused by different working regimes of power because engine manufacturers have not measured these emissions across the range of operating power, but usually we only report the pollution produced by its engines to a maximum continuous power.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
421--429
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 12 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Technical University of Catalonia, Spain
autor
- Technical University of Catalonia, Spain
Bibliografia
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- 2. IMO. Main events in IMO´s work on limitation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from International Shipping. London: November 2008.
- 3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. [Online]. [consultation: July 2009]: <http://www.ipccnggip. iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/in dex.html >.
- 4. R. Thomas, R. D. Lauretis, J. P. Fontelle, N. Hill, N. Kilde, K. Rypdal. Shipping Activities EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook. Copenhagen, Denmark: 2002.
- 5. J. J. Corbett, H. W. Köhler. Updated emissions from ocean Shipping. 2003.
- 6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emissions factors and AP 42. [Online]. [consultation: August 2009]. Disponible en: <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/>.
- 7. Lloyd´s Register Engineering Services. Marine Exhaust Emissions Programme (Main report, steady State operation and slow Speedy addendum). Croydon, UK: 1995.
- 8. Entec UK Ltd for European Commission. Quantification of emissions from ships associated with ship movements between ports in European Community. [Online]. 2002 [consultation: September 2009]: <http://ec.europa.eu/ environme nt/air/quality/background.htm# ansport >.
- 9. IMO. Resolution MEPC.82(43). Guidelines for monitoring the World‐wide average sulphur content of residual fuel oils supplied for use on board ships. [en linea]. 1999 [consultation: September 2009]: <http://www.imo.org/includes/blastDataOnly.asp/data_i d%3D15684/82%2843%29.pdf>.
- 10. IMO. Resolution MEPC. 170(57). Guidelines for exhaust gas Cleaning Systems . [Online]. 2008 [consultation: September 2009]: <http://www.imo.org/includes/blast DataOnly.asp/data_id%3D22480/170%2857%29.pdf>.
- 11. CIMAC. Guide to diesel exhaust emissions control of NOx, SOx, particulars, smoke and CO2 – seagoing ships and large stationary diesel power plants, 2008. CIMAC recommendation 28. [Online]. 2008 [consultation: September 2009]: <http://www.cimac.org >.
- 12. R. Betz. Emissions Trading to combat climate change: The impacto f sheme design on transaction cost. Sydney, Australia: Center for Energy and Environmental Markets, 2007.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-97664c9d-65ba-43c5-9df3-f8b1f147a601