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Despite the adoption of crew resource management training for bridge teams over the last decades, the training is still heavily focussed on technical achievements. In an educational context, the situation is more problematical, since with requirement of developing the technical skills, there is a need to build and evaluate the non-technical skills of cadets with little experience in bridge team management. In parallel with the application of team leadership models, the Portuguese Naval Academy conducted a research to improve the development and assessment of non-technical skills in bridge simulators. This paper describes the method used to identify the key non-technical skills required for naval cadets and to develop a behavioural marker system for their measurement. A literature review of behavioural marker systems was supplemented with an analysis of interviews conducted with students and simulator instructors. Additionally, further analysis of Portuguese Navy accidents reports was made, applying the HFACS framework to identify the relevant non-technical skills involved in the accidents. The resulting rating system covers five skill categories (leadership, situational awareness, communication, team work and decision making), each one with three rating elements. The framework is currently under evaluation tests in bridge simulators sessions, within an educational context.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
255--262
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Portuguese Naval School, Lisbon, Portugal
autor
- Portuguese Naval School, Lisbon, Portugal
autor
- Portuguese Naval School, Lisbon, Portugal
autor
- Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
Bibliografia
- 1 Barnett, M., Gatfield, D., & Pekcan, C. (2006). Non‐technical skills: the vital ingredient in world maritime technology ? In Proceedings of the International Conference on World Maritime Technology. London: Institute of Marine engineering, Science and technology.
- 2 Bué, I. M. G., Lopes, F. C., & Semedo, Á. (2015). The Use of the Portuguese Naval Academy Navigation Simulator in Developing Team Leadership Skills. TransNav, International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, (June), 83–88
- 3 Celik, M., & Cebi, S. (2009). Analytical HFACS for investigating human errors in shipping accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(1), 66–75.
- 4 Chauvin, C., Clostermann, J.‐P., & Hoc, J.‐M. (2009). Impact of training programs on decision‐making and situation awareness of trainee watch officers. Safety Science, 47(9), 1222–1231.
- 5 Chauvin, C., Lardjane, S., Morel, G., Clostermann, J.‐P., & Langard, B. (2013). Human and organisational factors in maritime accidents: Analysis of collisions at sea using the HFACS. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 59, 26–37.
- 6 Chen, S. T., Wall, A., Davies, P., Yang, Z., Wang, J., & Chou, Y. H. (2013). A Human and Organisational Factors (HOFs) analysis method for marine casualties using HFACS‐Maritime Accidents (HFACS‐MA). Safety Science, 60, 105–114
- 7 Cross, S. J. (2003). Enhancing Competence Based Training and Assessment for Marine Engineers through the Realism of Virtual Presentation. In International Conference on Marine Simulation and Ship Maneuverability MARSIM ’03 (pp. 1–7). Kanazawa, Japan
- 8 Cross, S. J. (2007). Competence Based Learning and Evaluation: Developments and Non‐Developments in MET. In IFSMA 33rd Annual General Assembly. Antwerp, Belgium
- 9 Cross, S. J. (2012). Aspects of simulations in MET ‐ improving shipping safety and economy. In International Maritime Lecturers Association 20th Conference
- 10 Devitt, K. R., & Holford, S. D. (2010). The development of resource management and leadership behavioural markers for the Merchant Navy. In Proceedings of the Maritime Human Resource Solutions Conference. St John’s Newfoundland, Canada. Retrieved from http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/1426/
- 11 Emad, G. R. (2010). Rethinking Vocational Education and training: Hauling in from Maritime Education. In R. V. Nata (Ed.), Progress in Education (Vol. 22, pp. 125–140). Nova Science Publishers.
- 12 Emad, G. R., & Roth, W.‐M. M. (2008). Contradictions in the practices of training for and assessment of competency: A case study from the maritime domain. Education and Training, 50(3), 260–272.
- 13 Ergai, A., Cohen, T., Sharp, J., Wiegmann, D., Gramopadhye, A., & Shappell, S. (2016). Assessment of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS): Intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability. Safety Science, 82(May), 393–398.
- 14 Fletcher, G., Flin, R., McGeorge, P., Glavin, R., Maran, N., & Patey, R. (2004). Rating non‐technical skills: developing a behavioural marker system for use in anaesthesia. Cognition, Technology & Work, 6(3), 165–171.
- 15 Flin, R., Martin, L., Goeters, K.‐M., Hörmann, H.‐J., Amalberti, R., Valot, C., & Nijhuis, H. (2003). Development of the NOTECHS (non‐technical skills) system for assessing pilots’ CRM skills. Human Factors and Aerospace Safety, 3(2), 95–117.
- 16 Forsman, F., Hill, J., Dobbins, T., Brand, T., & MacKinnon, S. N. (2012). Exploiting Simulation to Enhance Operational Effectiveness and Interoperability in Littoral Maritime Operations. In STO Modelling and Simulation Group Conference.
- 17 Hayward, B. J., & Lowe, A. R. (2010). Chapter 12 – The Migration of Crew Resource Management Training. In Crew Resource Management (pp. 317–342)
- 18 Hetherington, C., Flin, R., & Mearns, K. (2006). Safety in shipping: The human element. Journal of Safety Research (Vol. 37). London.
- 19 Klampfer, B., Flin, R., Helmreich, R. L., Hausler, R., Sexton, B., Fletcher, G., Dieckmann, P. (2001). Enhancing Performance in High Risk Environments, Recommendations for the Use of Behavioural Markers. In Behavioral Markers Workshop, GIHRE. Zürich, Switzerland.: Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation.
- 20 Long, W. M. (2011). The development of a prototype behavioral marker system for US Navy officers of the deck. Safety Science, 49(10), 1381–1387
- 21 Magdy Ali Elashkar. (2016). the Use of Simulation Techniques in the Development of Non‐Technical Skills for Marine Officers. International Journal of General Engineering and Technology (IJGET), 5(5), 19–26.
- 22 McCallum, M. C., & Smith, M. W. (2000). Evaluating Simulators for use in assessment of mariner proficiencies. In Proceedings of MARSIM 2000 (pp. 1–8). Orlando, Florida
- 23 Olaiya, J. Oi. (2016). Marine Simulators: Technical And Performance Specifications ‐ A Paradoxical Parallelism ? In IAMU
- 24 Rothblum, A., Wheal, D., Withington, S., Shappel, S. A., Wiegmann, D. A., Boehm, W., & Chaderjian, M. (2002). Improving incident investigation through inclusion of human factors. United States Department of Transportation ‐ Publications & Papers, (32). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdot/32/
- 25 Saeed, F. (2010). The Importance of Non‐Technical Skills in the Maritime Education. In International Association of Maritime Universities AGA11 (pp. 103–114). Busan, South Korea
- 26 Shappell, S., & Wiegmann, D. (2000). The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System – HFACS. Federal Aviation Administration Technical Report DOT/FAA/AM00/7. Springfield, Virginia: National Technical Information Service
- 27 Tsoukalas, V. D., Papachristos, D. A., Stefanakou, A. A., Tsoumas, N. K., & Nikitakos, N. (2015). Questionnaire assessment of training in a marine simulator. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 14(2), 293–312.
Uwagi
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017)
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-964ee9e4-b11d-4544-aa9d-c54ef9345ad3
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