Hydrogeochemical processes and evaluation of groundwater in Al-Salman area – Iraqi Southern Desert

• Autorzy: Al-Mutawqi Kareem Ghafel , Ewaid Salam Hussein , Abed Salwan Ali , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Salim Mudhafar A. , Kadhim Ameer J.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/jwld.2021.138177

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A field survey has been conducted for the study area using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and geological and geomorphological maps of the area. The study area is one of the important areas in Iraq characterized by scarce water resources. The purpose of the study is to determine the hydro-chemical processes and their relationship to groundwater quality carried out in the southwestern desert region of Iraq, where the region lacks extensive studies of water resources. Twenty-eight groundwater samples were collected from wells distributed between the eastern borders of Saudi Arabia and the West Bank of the Euphrates River. For the purpose of hydrogeochemical analyses, the Fetter method was used to collect and examine samples. A large part of the recharge area is located in Saudi Arabia, where the groundwater bearing aquifer represented by the Dammam formation extends to Iraq and Saudi Arabian International borders. The analysis determined the order of cations (Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺) and anions (Cl^– > SO₄^2– > HCO₃^–). High values of the variation coefficient (CV) correspond to the concentration of potassium, sodium and chloride ions (CV: 68.7, 64.7 and 64 respectively). To identify the hydrochemical water facies, the Piper diagram was used. It was found that 53% of the water samples belong to the Na-Cl type and 40% are of the Ca-Mg-Cl type, while the rest of the samples are the Ca-Cl type. To identify geochemical processes, it was found that ion exchange processes via chloroalkaline indices 1 and 2 are prevalent between Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ in the groundwater and Na⁺, K⁺ in water bearing rocks. To learn more about the processes that led to the concentration of certain ions, such as sodium, it was found that they tend to be of silicate minerals related to surface runoff of water in recharge areas and carbonic rocks. It was also found that rock / soil-groundwater interaction and evaporation processes were the formal processes in the saturated zone and evaporation in the unsaturated zone are prevalent processes of groundwater ion concentration.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Dammam formation; Durov diagram; facies; Gibbs diagram; groundwater; hydrogeochemical processes; Iraqi Southern Desert; major ions; Piper diagram

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: no. 50
• Strony: 220--228
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 29 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Al-Mutawqi Kareem Ghafel

• University of Al-Qadisiyah, College of Science, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-2459

autor

Ewaid Salam Hussein

• Technical Institute of Shatra, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-7331

autor

Abed Salwan Ali

• University of Al-Qadisiyah, College of Science, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-3843

autor

Al-Ansari Nadhir

• Luleå University of Technology, Laboratorievägen 14, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-2653

autor

Salim Mudhafar A.

• Arab Regional Center for World Heritage, Manama, Bahrain

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-6887

autor

Kadhim Ameer J.

• Ministry of Water Resources, General Commission of Groundwater, Baghdad, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4969-0498

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