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Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for the city of Quetta, Pakistan

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Seismic hazard assessment for Quetta is carried out using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis technique based on area sources and augmented by line source used for the first time in Pakistan. Seismic data has been collected and analyzed in spatial and temporal domains. Five Seismic Zones have been modeled in line with tectonics of the region with b-value of 1.14 using regression. The b-value is slightly higher, which is attributed to the fact that aftershocks were not removed as it distorted the dataset. Five fault sources are modeled, with three as reverse and two as strike-slip with 7.8 as maximum magnitude. Mach Structure is included in the tectonics for the first time. The attenuation relation used in the present study is recommended by various researchers. The expected Peak Ground Acceleration for 500-year return period is 4.79 m/s2 for rock outcrop and characterized as very high. Furthermore, variation in spectral acceleration within Quetta city is observed, for which spectral curves are developed for four different places.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Strony
737--761
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz.
Twórcy
autor
  • 1National Seismic Monitoring Center, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan
autor
  • Norwegian Seismic Array, NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway
autor
  • Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan
autor
  • Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan
Bibliografia
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  • 3.Ambraseys, N.N., K.A. Simpson, and J.J. Bommer (1996), Prediction of horizontal response spectra in Europe, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 25, 4, 371-400, DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199604)25:4<371::AID-EQE550>3.0.CO;2-A.
  • 3.Ambraseys, N.N., J. Douglas, S.K. Sarma, and P.M. Smit (2005), Equations for the estimation of strong ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes using data from Europe and the Middle East: Horizontal peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration, Bull. Earthq. Eng. 3, 1, 1-53, DOI:10.1007/s10518-005-0183-0.
  • 4.BCP SP (2007), Building Codes of Pakistan Seismic Provisions Government of Islamic republic of Pakistan Ministry of Housing and Works, Islamabad.
  • 5.Bhatti, A.Q., S.Z. Ul Hassan, Z. Rafi, Z. Khatoon, and Q. Ali (2011), Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Islamabad, Pakistan, J. Asian Earth Sci. 42, 3, 468-478, DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.05.006.
  • 6.Cornell, C.A. (1968), Engineering seismic risk analysis, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 58, 5, 1583-1606.
  • 7.Das, A.J. (2011), Vulnerability assessment of structures subjected to earthquakes (VASE) in Pakistan, Ph.D. Thesis, National Institute of Transportation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • 8.Douglas, J. (2004), Ground estimation equations 1964-2003; a comprehensive worldwide summary of strong motion attenuation relationships for peak ground acceleration and spectral ordinates (1969 to 2000) with corrections and additions, Imperial College Research Report No: 04-001.
  • 9.Griesbach, C.L. (1893), Notes on the earthquake in Baluchistan on the 20th December 1892, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 26, 2, 57-64.
  • 10.Joyner, W.B., and D.M. Boore (1981), Peak horizontal acceleration and velocity from strong-motion records including records from the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 71, 6, 2011-2038.
  • 11.Kanamori, H. (1977), The energy release in great earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 20, 2981-2987, DOI: 10.1029/JB082i020p02981.
  • 12.Kazmi, A.H. (1979), Active fault systems in Pakistan. In: A. Farah, and K.A. DeJong (eds.), Geodynamics of Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta, 285-294.
  • 13.Khan, M.A., M. Javed, W. Ahmed, and M. Sayab (2012), Fault map and associated database of fault parameters for Pakistan, International Project – WP1 Report Earthquake Model of Middle East (EMME).
  • 14.Lawrence, R.D., and R.S. Yeats (1979), Geological reconnaissance of the Chaman Fault in Pakistan. In: A. Farah and K.A. DeJong (eds.), Geodynamics of Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta, 351-357.
  • 15.Lawrence, R.D., R.S. Yeats, S.H. Khan, A. Farah, and K.A. DeJong (1981), Thrust and strike slip fault in interaction along the Chaman transform zone, Pakistan, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. London 9, 1, 363-370, DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.33.
  • 16.McGuire, R.K. (1976), FORTRAN computer program for seismic risk analysis, U.S. Geol. Survey Open-File Report No. 76-67.
  • 17.McGuire, R.K. (1978), FRISK: Computer program for seismic risk analysis using faults as earthquake sources, U.S. Geol. Survey Open File-Report No. 78- 1007.
  • 18.Niamatullah, M., K.H. Durrani, A.R. Qureshi, Z. Khan, D.M. Kakar, M.R. Jan, and A. Ghaffar (1989), Emplacement of Bibai and Gogai Nappes, northeast of Quetta, Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 22, 153-158.
  • 19.Ordaz, M., A. Aguilar, and J. Arboleda (2007), Crisis 2007: Program for computing seismic hazard, Ver. 3.01.
  • 20.Pinhey, L.A. (1938), The Quetta earthquake of 31 May 1935, Government of India, New Delhi.
  • 21.PMD-NORSAR (2007), Seismic hazard analysis and zonation of Pakistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan Meteorological Department and NORSAR, Technical Report July 2007.
  • 22.Powell, C.McA. (1979), A speculative tectonic history of Pakistan and surroundings: some constraints from the Indian Ocean. In: A. Farah, and K.A. DeJong (eds.), Geodynamics of Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta, 5-24.
  • 23.Rafi, C., Lindholm, H. Bungum, A, Laghari, and N. Ahmed (2012), Probabilistic seismic hazard of Pakistan, Azad-Jammu and Kashmir, Nat. Hazards 61, 3, 1317-1354, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9984-4.
  • 24.Rafi, Z., N. Ahmed, S. Ur Rehman, T. Azeem, and K.A. Abd el-Aziz (2013), Analysis of the Quetta–Ziarat earthquake of 29 October 2008 in Pakistan, Arab. J. Geosci. 6, 6, 1731-1737, DOI: 10.1007/s12517-011-0485-2.
  • 25.Sarwar, G., and K.A. DeJong (1979), Arcs, oroclines, syntaxes: the curvature of mountain belts in Pakistan. In: A. Farah and K.A. DeJong (eds.), Geodynamics of Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta, 341-350.
  • 26.Scordilis, E.M. (2006), Empirical global relations converting Ms and mb to moment magnitude, J. Seismol. 10, 2, 225-236, DOI: 10.1007/s10950-006-9012-4.
  • 27.Szeliga, W., R. Bilham, D. Schelling, D.M. Kakar, and S. Lodi (2009), Fold and thrust partitioning in a contracting fold belt: Insights from the 1931 Mach earthquake in Baluchistan, Tectonics 28, 5, TC5019, DOI: 10.1029/2008TC002265.
  • 28.Wells, D.L., and K.J. Coppersmith (1994), New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rapture area and surface displacement, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 84, 4, 974-1002.
  • 29.West, W.D. (1934), The Baluchistan earthquakes of August 25th and 27th, 1931, Mem. Geol. Surv. India 67, 01-82.
  • 30.West, W.D. (1937), Earthquakes in India. In: Proc. Indian Sci. Congress, Delhi, Vol. 24, 189-224.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-95317bf3-aad5-4cca-aaec-928959886f14
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