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Evaluation of symmetric neutral-atmosphere mapping functions using ray-tracing through radiosonde observations

Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The aim of this paper is to compare the validity of six recent symmetric mapping functions. The mapping function models the elevation angle dependence of the tropospheric delay. Niell Mapping Function (NMF), Vienna Mapping Function (VMF1), University of New BrunswickVMF1 (UNB-VMF1) mapping functions, Global Mapping Function (GMF) and Global Pressure and Temperature (GPT2)/GMF are evaluated by using ray tracing through 25 radiosonde stations covering different climatic regions in one year. The ray-traced measurements are regarded as “ground truth”. The ray-tracing approach is performed for diverse elevation angle starting at 5o to 15o . The results for both hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic components of mapping functions support the efficiency of online-mapping functions. The latitudinal dependence of standard deviation for 5o is also demonstrated. Although all the tested mapping functions can provide satisfactory results when used for elevation angles above 15o , for high precision geodetic measurements, it is highly recommended that the online-mapping functions (UNBs and VMF1) be used. The results suggest that UNB models, like VMF have strengths and weaknesses and do not stand out as being consistently better or worse than the VMF1. The GPT2/GMF provided better accuracy than GMF and NMF. Since all of them do not require site specific data; therefore GPT2/GMF can be useful as regards its ease of use.
Rocznik
Strony
171--189
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Department of Surveying and Geomatics Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar Ave., P.O. Box 11365-4563, Tehran, Iran
  • Department of Surveying and Geomatics Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar Ave., P.O. Box 11365-4563, Tehran, Iran
Bibliografia
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  • Bean, B.R. and E.J.Dutton, 1996: Radio Meteorology. National Burea of Standards Monograph 92, U.S Goverment Printing Office: Washington, D.C.
  • Berman, A.L., 1976: The prediction of zenith range refraction from surface measurements of meteorological parameters. JPL Technical Report 32-1602, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
  • Boehm Johannes, 2004: Troposphärische Laufzeitverzögerungen in der VLBI, Ph.D dissertation, The Institutes of the Course on ‘Geodesy and Geoinformation’ of the Vienna University of Technology.
  • Boehm, J., A. E. Niell, P. Tregoning, and H. Schuh, 2006a: Global Mapping Function(GMF): A new empirical mapping function based on numerical weather model data. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, No. L07304, doi:10.1029/2005GL025546.
  • Boehm, J., B. Werl, and H. Schuh, 2006b: Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and very long baseline interferometry from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational analysis data. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, No.B02406.
  • Boehm, J., P.J. Mendes Cerveira, H. Schuh, P. Tregoning, 2007: The impact of mapping functions for the neutral atmosphere based on numerical weather models in GPS data analysis, IAG Symopsium Series, P. Tregoning and C. Rizos (Eds), pp. 837-843.
  • Buck, Al.L, (1981): New equations for computing vapor pressure and enhancement factor. Journal of applied meteorology, Vol.20, pp. 1527-1532.
  • Callahan, P.S., 1973: Prediction of tropospheric wet-component range error from surface measurements. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., JPL Technical Report 32-1526, Vol. XVIII, pp. 41-46.
  • Chao, C.C., 1971: New tropospheric range corrections with seasonal adjustment. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., JPL Technical Report 32-1526, Vol. VI, pp. 67-82.
  • Davis, J.L., T.A. Herring, I.I. Shapiro, A.E.E. Rogers and G. Elgered, (1985): Geodesy by radio interferometry: Effects of atmospheric modeling errors on estimated of baseline length. Radio science, Vol.20, No. 6, pp. 1593-1607.
  • Emardson, T. R., G. Elgered, and J. M. Johansson, 1998: Three months of continuous monitoring of atmospheric water vapor with a network of Global Positioning System receivers. J. Geophys. Res., Vol.103, pp. 1807-1820.
  • FMH, 1997: Federal Meteorological Handbook, No.3. Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. Washington DC.
  • Hobiger, T., R. Ichikawa, Y. Koyama, and T. Kondo, 2008: Fast and accurate ray-tracing algorithms for real-time space geodetic applications using numerical weather models. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20302, doi:10.1029/2008JD010503.
  • K. Lagler, M. Schindelegger,J. Böhm, H. Krásná,and T.Nilsson, 2013: GPT2: Empirical slant delay model for radio space geodetic techniques, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, pp. 1069-1073, doi:10.1002/grl.50288, 2013.
  • Marcelo C. Santos, Matthew McAdam, and Johannes Boehm, 2012: Implementation Status of the UNB-VMF1, EGU General Assembly 2012 Vienna, Austria, pp. 22-27.
  • Marini, J. W. 1972: Correction of satellite tracking data for an arbitrary tropospheric profile, Radio Science, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 223-231, doi:10.1029/RS007i002p00223.
  • Mendes, V.B. 1999: Modeling The Neutral-Atmosphere Propagation Delay in Radiometric Space Techniques. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Technical Report No. 199, University of New Brunswick, Canada.
  • Michael Bevis, Steven Businger, Thomas A. Herring, Christain Rocken, Richard A. Anthens, and Randolph H. Ware, 1992: GPS Meteorology: Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor Using the Global Positioning System, Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 97, pp. 15, 787-15, 801.
  • NASA WATER VAPOR PROJECT - MEaSUREs (NVAP-M), Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, available on: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/project/nvap/NVAP_M_ATBD_Feb2013.pdf
  • Niell, A. E., 1996: Global mapping functions for the atmosphere delay at radio wavelengths. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 101, No. B2, pp. 3227-3246.
  • Niell, A. E., A. J. Coster, F. S. Solheim, V. B. Mendes, P. C. Toor, R. B. Langley, and C. A. Upham, 2001: Comparison of measurements of atmospheric wet delay by radiosonde, water vapor radiometer, GPS, and VLBI. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., Vol.18, 830-850.
  • Owens, J.C., 1967: Optical refractive index of air: Dependence on pressure, temperature and composition. Applied Optics, Vol.6, No.1,pp. 51-59.
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  • Ruger, J.M, 2002: Refractive index formula for radio waves. FiG XXII International Congres, International Federation of Surveyors(FIG), Washington,D.C, April 19-26.
  • Saastamoinen, J., 1973: Contributions to the theory of atmospheric refraction. In three parts. Bulletin Geodesique, No.105, pp. 279-298; No.106, pp. 383-397; No.107, pp. 13-34.
  • Thayer, G. D. 1967: A rapid and accurate ray tracing algorithm for a horizontally stratified atmosphere. Radio Sci., Vol.2, No.1, pp. 249-252.
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Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-950e0ef1-3fe1-4ac0-a8d4-e2613f0df133
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