Andrzej Ciołkosz - lata pracy w Uniwersytecie Warszawskim

• Autorzy: Olędzki J. R.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Andrzej Ciołkosz and his work at the University of Warsaw

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The early 1960s was the period when a new discipline – INTERPRETATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS – PHOTOINTERPRETATION – was introduced into the curricula of the University of Warsaw’s Institute of Geography on the initiative of doc. Bogodar Winid. According to him, mgr Andrzej Ciołkosz played an important role because “…while improving his knowledge and organising the Laboratory, he recruited colleagues and junior students interested in the discipline”. In the summer of 1964, the Laboratory of Aerial Photographs Interpretation (PIZL) was set up. In addition to Andrzej Ciołkosz, its first team included: Zbigniew Goljaszewski, mgr inż. Bohdan Kukla and mgr Jan R. Olędzki, with mgr K. Trafas, mgr Maksymilian Skotnicki and mgr Lidia Lemisiewicz as important contributors. The initial years of Andrzej Ciołkosz’s work in the Laboratory had several aspects. The first was organisational activity, which involved gathering the equipment needed for classes and seminars. Initially, the Laboratory had only two Wild stereoscopes and several “museum pieces”: one Drobyshev stereograph, one Leningrad 6x6 cm converter, and two US Army surplus Sketch Master optical converters. It was therefore necessary to accumulate a sufficient number of stereoscopes, optical converters as well as simple drawing and computing instruments, which was quite quickly done. The required aerial photographs were obtained from the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, State Photogrammetric Enterprise and the General Staff Academy. Another aspect of his work at the University of Warsaw was developing the curricula, writing textbooks and running classes. Andrzej Ciołkosz prepared a programme of lectures and classes in geographical interpretation of aerial photographs, with an emphasis on the photogrammetric, geodesic and topographical foundations of photointerpretation. This work ultimately led to the publication fo the first course book written by the team of the Laboratory of Photointerpretation, which later provided the basis for writing a manual for classes in geographical interpretation of aerial photographs, whose new editions were published in 1976 and 1999. Andrzej Ciołkosz also co-authored the first monograph on thematic interpretation of aerial photographs: Zastosowanie zdjęć lotniczych w geografii [Application of aerial photographs in geography]. The experiences that he gained in teaching were used by him and dr A. Kęsik in writing the course book entitled: Podstawy geograficznej interpretacji zdjęć lotniczych [Foundations of geographical interpretation of aerial photographs], which became a blueprint for the first Polish textbook in interpretation of aerial photographs, inspired by Andrzej Ciołkosz, and written with Jerzy Miszalski and Jan Olędzki: Interpretacja zdjęć lotniczych [Interpretation of aerial photographs], published by PWN in 1978. As the field of interpretation of aerial photographs developed, along with photointerpretation and remote sensing, Andrzej Ciołkosz, in keeping with contemporary trends in teaching remote sensing, wrote (together with Andrzej Kęsik) the textbook entitled Teledetekcja satelitarna [Satellite remote sensing]. This was the first Polish textbook on satellite remote sensing and application of photographs taken from orbital heights in geographical research. As digital imaging was introduced into photointerpretation on an increasingly wider scale, he wrote (together with dr Anna Jakomulska) a textbook on the foundations of digital analysis of satellite images, published in 2004. During his work at the University of Warsaw, Andrzej Ciołkosz devoted a great deal of attention to conducting classes. Starting from 1966 onwards, he held lectures and classes in basic photointerpretation, which were quite famous for their innovative form – particularly the lectures which were illustrated by high-quality and well-chosen slides, a novelty at the time, eagerly accepted by students. In the first years of teaching the interpretation of aerial photographs for geographical purposes at the University of Warsaw’s Institute of Geography, he also held lectures and classes for students preparing their master’s theses in regional geography of the world, economic geography and cartography. Later, he conducted classes in methods of obtaining remote sensing information and MA seminars in geoinformatics. He constantly worked to improve the subject matter of these classes, using newest materials, methods and equipment for analogue or computer-assisted analysis of the content of aerial photographs and satellite images obtained during his work in OPOLIS – the Centre for Processing Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography. Under his supervision, 21 MA dissertations in the field of remote sensing and cartography were submitted at the University of Warsaw. In 2004, Andrzej Ciołkosz was the supervisor of the PhD dissertation of mgr Małgorzata Krówczyńska from the Department of Remote Sensing of Environment of the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies of the University of Warsaw, entitled: “Application of spectral and structural features of objects shown on satellite images in land use mapping” [in Polish]. He also wrote many reviews of doctoral and postdoctoral dissertations and prepared professorship applications. His organisational and didactic activity did not mean that Andrzej Ciołkosz neglected research work. He conducted research on the structure of crops using photographic methods. On the basis of panchromatic aerial photographs taken from a triangulation tower in the vicinity of Lesznowola near Warsaw, he determined the optimum period for taking aerial photographs for the purposes of crop identification. At a later stage, such aerial photographs were subject to microphotometric analysis. Developing a photointerpretation key allowed him to analyse the produced photograms. The results of crop identification using the key were compared with the results of field research, which allowed for evaluating the reliability of this method. Another publication was devoted to the application of aerial photographs in studies on road traffic. Together with dr Jerzy Miszalski, he developed a method of analysing road traffic on the basis of aerial photographs specially taken for this purpose. With the coming of colour satellite images, Andrzej Ciołkosz indicated the possibilities offered by such images for enriching the content and form of small-scale general maps. In 1968, he got involved in analysing the colours of the Earth in satellite images taken during manned orbital spaceflights and comparing these colours with the colours used by cartographers in landscape maps. This allowed to identify the differences and similarities between maps and satellite images in rendering the representation of the Earth in different types of small-scale maps. Andrzej Ciołkosz also ran a number of projects commissioned by various institutions and implemented by the University’s Laboratory of Photointerpretation. These included analyses of the transport infrastructure in the steelworks of the Upper Silesian industrial district, and an analysis of the spatial structure of selected Polish cities. He also organised training programmes for the staff of various institutions having an interest in the application of aerial photographs. We should also take note of Andrzej Ciołkosz’s activity in the Polish Geographical Society (PTG) related to the popularisation and implementation of the new discipline in geographical sciences, which geographical photointerpretation certainly was in the 1960s. This activity was organisational in nature, connected with the establishment of a problem section at the PTG Main Board to deal with the application of aerial photographs in teaching and research. Andrzej Ciołkosz was among the initiators of the PTG’s Photointerpretation Committee, in 1990 reorganised into a PTG Branch under the name of the Remote Sensing Club. One of the Committee’s tasks was to incorporate the teaching of photointerpretation in university geography studies in Poland. This was done in 1966. Another aspect of his activity was the establishment of a forum for exchange of ideas and experiences related to the application of aerial photographs in geographic research. This was done via national photointerpretation conferences, initially organised every year, and later once every two years. The third aspect of his work was starting a specialised publishing series. The fi rst volume of the periodical entitled Fotointerpretacja w Geografi i [Photointerpretation in geography] was published in 1964. Andrzej Ciołkosz was the editor or a co-editor of the series’ fi rst six volumes. Until today, he is a member of the Programme Council of the series, currently named Teledetekcja środowiska [Remote sensing], whose 40th volume was put out in 2008. He used the experiences gained in teaching at the University of Warsaw in the lectures in remote sensing that he held in other universities and colleges.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

fotointerpretacja; Ciołkosz Andrzej; Uniwersytet Warszawski

EN

photointerpretation; Ciołkosz Andrzej; University of Warsaw

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne, Oddział Teledetekcji i Geoinformatyki
• Czasopismo: Teledetekcja Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: T. 42
• Strony: 5--12
• Opis fizyczny: zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Olędzki J. R.

• Katedra Geoinformatyki i Teledetekcji, Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego