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Tytuł artykułu

An analysis of vertical shear forces and bending moments during nodule loading for a standard bulk carrier in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

Treść / Zawartość
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This article presents an analysis of vertical shear forces and bending moments during nodule loading in the case of a standard bulk carrier around the Clarion–Clipperton Zone. An operational efficiency index was applied to an assessment of internal forces during loading which took into account wave heights and periods around this zone. The aim of this research was to investigate whether waves could have a negative effect on loading efficiency and to estimate the nodule mass that can safely be loaded onto a standard bulk carrier taking these waves into account. Moreover, a calculation was made to discover the acceptable vertical shear force percentage limit, while also taking into account wave activity during loading.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
184--191
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys. tab.
Twórcy
  • Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Navigation 1-2 Wały Chrobrego St., 70-500 Szczecin, Poland
  • Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Navigation 1-2 Wały Chrobrego St., 70-500 Szczecin, Poland
Bibliografia
  • 1. Abramowski, T. & Szelangiewicz, T. (2011) Eksploatacja złóż polimetalicznych konkrecji z dna oceanu. Górnictwo i Inżynieria 4, 1, pp. 63–72.
  • 2. Brockett, F.H., Huizingh, J.P. & McFarlane, J.A.R. (2008) Updated Analysis of the Capital and Operating Costs of a Polymetallic Nodules Deep Ocean Mining System Developed in the 1970s. In: Polymetallic Nodule Mining Technology: Current Trends and Challenges Ahead. Proceedings of the Workshop jointly organized by The International Seabed Authority and the National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India, pp. 46–65.
  • 3. Cepowski, T. (2007) Approximation of the index for assessing ship sea-keeping performance on the basis of ship design parameters. Polish Maritime Research 3, pp. 21–26.
  • 4. Dames and Moore & EIC Corporation (1977) Description of Manganese Nodule Processing Activities for Environmental Studies. Volume II. Transportation and Waste Disposal Systems. Rockville, Md.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  • 5. Deepak, C.R., Shajahan, M.A., Atmanand, M.A., Annamalai, K., Jeyamani, R., Ravindran, M., Schulte, E., Handschuh, R., Panthel, J., Grebe, H. & Schwarz, W. (2001) Developmental tests on the underwater mining system using flexible riser concept. Fourth ISOPE Ocean Mining Symposium, 23–27 September, Szczecin, Poland.
  • 6. Lennartz, J. (2019) Blue Nodules Deliverable report: Facilities for Sea Surface Processing: Germany, 2019 (Report No. D4.3). Available from: http://www.blue-nodules.eu/ download/public_reports/public_summary_reports/BlueNodules-688975-D4.3-Report-facilities-for-sea-surfaceprocessing-FINAL.publ-summary.pdf.
  • 7. ITTC (1978) Report of the Seakeeping Committee. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Towing Tank Conference. The Hague, Netherlands.
  • 8. Jensen, J.J. & Petersen, P.T. (1981) Bending moments and shear forces in ships sailing in irregular waves. Journal of Ship Research 25, 4, pp. 243–251.
  • 9. Journée, J.M.J. (2001) User Manual of SEAWAY (Release 4.19). Technical Report 1212a, Delft University of Technology.
  • 10. Karppinen, T. (1987) Criteria for Seakeeping Performance Predictions. ESPOO 1987.
  • 11. Knight, S. (2017) Digging deep: the new seafloor industry. [Online] March 27. Available from: https://www.motorship. com/news101/industry-news/digging-deep-the-new-seafloor-industry [Accessed: June 25, 2019].
  • 12. Nimmo, M. (2012) NI 43-101 Technical Report Clarion-Clipperton Zone Project, Pacific Ocean. Golder Associates Pty Ltd, Australia.
  • 13. Phelps, B.P. (1997) Determination of Wave Loads for Ship Structural Analysis. Maritime Platforms Division Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory. DSTO-RR-0116. Defence Science and Technology Organisation.
  • 14. Szczecin Shipyard (1986) Loading manual of B-517 series ship. Szczecin.
  • 15. Szelangiewicz, T. (2000) Ship’s Operational Efectiveness Factor as Criterion Cargo Ship Design Estimation. Marine Technology Transactions. Technika Morska 11, pp. 231– 244.
  • 16. US NOAA (1981) United States. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Deep Seabed Mining. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. Washington, D.C.: The Office.
  • 17. US NOAA (1982) Report to the Congress of the United States. Washington, D.C.: The Office.
  • 18. Vercruijsse, P. & Kovács, Z. (2018) Blue Nodules Deliverable report: Ship to Ship to Shore Transfer: Germany, 2018 (Report No. D4.4). Available from: http://www.blue-nodules.eu/download/public_reports/public_summary_reports/ Blue-Nodules-688975-D4.4-Ship-to-Ship-to-Shore-Transfer-FINAL.-publ-summ.pdf.
  • 19. Wakefield, J.R. & Myers, K. (2018) Social cost benefit analysis for deep sea minerals mining. Marine Policy 95, pp. 346–355.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-941832ac-bd07-4d34-882b-0bfe2f9fa1d6
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