Soft-sediment deformation structures in seismically affected deep-sea Miocene turbidites (Cilento Basin, southern Italy)

• Autorzy: Valente A. , Ślączka A. , Cavuoto G.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/logos-2014-0009

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are widespread in the upper part of the S. Mauro Formation (Cilento Group, Middle-Late Miocene). The succession is represented mainly by thick and very thick, massive, coarse-grained sandstones, deposited by rapid sedimentation of high-density turbidity currents. The most common SSDS are short pillars, dishes, sedimentary sills and convolutions. They occur mostly in the upper parts of sandstone beds. Vertical tubes of 4–5 cm in diameter and up to 50 cm long constitute the most striking structures. They begin in the middle part of sandstone beds, which are basically massive or contain faint dish structures. These tubes can bifurcate upwards and/ or pass into bedding-parallel veins or dikes. The vertical tubes sometimes form sand volcanoes on the then sedimentary surface. The SSDS are interpreted as the result of earthquake-triggered liquefaction and/or fluidisation of the turbidites that were affected by the seismic shocks. This implies that the deformed layers should be considered as seismites.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

high-density turbidites; soft-sediment deformation structures; seismites; Apennines; Cilento Group; miocene; Italy

PL

turbidyty; struktury deformacji; sejsmity; Apeniny; miocen; Włochy

• Wydawca: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza. Instytut Geologii
• Czasopismo: Geologos
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 20, No. 2
• Strony: 67--78
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 52 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Valente A.

• Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini 59a, 82100 Benevento, Italy

autor

Ślączka A.

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2, 30-063 Krakow, Poland

autor

Cavuoto G.

• Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero, CNR, Calata Porta di Massa, Porto di Napoli 83, 80133 Napoli, Italy

Bibliografia

• Allen, J.R.L., 1982. Sedimentary structures, their character and physical basis, Vol. 2. Developments in Sedimentology. Elsevier (Amsterdam) 30B, 663 pp.
• Allen, J.R.L., 1986. Earthquake magnitude-frequency, epicentral distance, and soft-sediment deformation in sedimentary basins. Sedimentary Geology 46, 67–75.
• Amore, F.O., Bonardi, G., Ciampo, G., De Capoa, P., Perrone, V. & Sgrosso, I., 1988. Relazioni tra “Flysch interni” e domini appenninici: reinterpretazione delle formazioni di Pollica, San Mauro e Albidona nel quadro della evoluzione inframiocenica delle zone esterne appenniniche [Relations between the “internal Flysch” and Apennine domains: a reinterpretation of the Pollica, San Mauro and Albidona Formations in the intra-Miocenic evolution of the external zones of the Apennines]. Memorie della Società Geologica d’Italia 41, 285–297.
• Atkinson, G., 1984. Simple computation of liquefaction probability for seismic hazard application. Earthquake Spectra 1, 107–123.
• Audemard, F.A. & De Santis, F., 1991. Survey of liquefaction structures induced by recent moderate earthquakes. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 44, 5–16.
• Beaudoin, B., Fries, G., Joseph, P. & Paternoster, B., 1983. Sills greseux sédimentaires injectés dans l’Aptien supérieur de Rosaus (Drome). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Science de Paris 296, 387–392.
• Buck, G.S. & Goldring, R., 2003. Conical sedimentary structures, trace fossils or not? Observations, experiments, and review. Journal of Sediment Research 73, 338–353.
• Cammarosano, A., Cavuoto, G., Danna, M., De Capoa, P., De Rienzo, F., Di Staso, A., Giardino, S., Martelli, L., Nardi, G., Sgrosso, A., Toccaceli, R.M. & Valente, A., 2004. Nuovi dati sui flysch del Cilento (Appennino meridionale, Italia) [New data on the Cilento flysch (southern Apennines, Italy)]. Bollettino della Società Geologica d’Italia 123, 253–273.
• Cavuoto, G., Martelli, L., Nardi, G., Valente, A., 2004. Depositional system and architecture of Oligo-Miocene turbidite successions in Cilento (Southern Apennines). GeoActa 3, 129–147.
• Chen, J., Van Loon, A.J., Han, Z. & Chough, S.K., 2009. Funnel-shaped, breccia-filled clastic dykes in the Late Cambrian Chaomidian Formation (Shandong Province, China). Sedimentary Geology 221, 1–6.
• Cieszkowski, M., Malata, E., Oszczypko, N., Pescatore, T., Senatore, M.R., Ślączka, A. & Valente, A., 1992. Rapporti tra le successioni di Monte Sacro e Monte della Stella nel Flysch del Cilento (Appennino meridionale) [Relationship between the Monte Sacro and Monte Stella successions in the Cilento Flysch (southern Apennines)]. Rendiconti dell’Accademia di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche in Napoli s. IV, 69, 33–56.
• Cieszkowski, M., Oszczypko, N., Pescatore, T., Ślączka, A., Senatore, M.R. & Valente, A., 1994. Excursion A9: Deep-sea clastic sediments and associated megaturbidites and olistostromes (Cenozoic, Cilento, Southern Italy). [In:] G. Carannante & R. Tonielli (Eds.): Pre-meeting fieldtrip guidebook 15th IAS Regional Meeting (April 1994, Ischia, Italy). International Association of Sedimentologists, 191–220.
• Cieszkowski, M., Oszcsypko, N., Pescatore, T., Ślączka, A., Senatore, M.R. & Valente, A., 1995. Megatorbiditi calcareo-marnose nelle successioni flyscioidi dell’Appennino meridionale (Cilento, Italia) e nei Carpazi orientali (Polonia) [Calcareous-marl megaturbidites in the flyschoid succession in the southern Apennines (Cilento, Italy) and in the western Carpathians (Poland)]. Bollettino della Società Geologica d’Italia 114, 67–88.
• Cocco, E., 1971. Note Illustrative della Carta Geologica d’Italia alla scala 1:100.000, Foglio 209 Vallo della Lucania [Notes to the Geological Map of Italy 1:100,000, Sheet 209 Vallo della Lucania]. Servizio Geologico d’Italia (Roma), 45 pp.
• Critelli, S., 1987. Petrologia delle areniti della Formazione di S. Mauro (Eocene sup.-Oligocene, Bacino del Cilento), Appennino meridionale [Petrology of the sandstones of the S. Mauro Formation (late Eocene-Oligocene, Cilento Basin), southern Apennines]. Memorie della Società Geologica d’Italia 38, 601–619.
• Critelli, S., 1999. The interplay of lithospheric flexure and thrust accomodation in forming stratigraphic sequences in the southern Apennines foreland basin system, Italy. Rendiconti Lincei: Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 10, 257–326.
• Critelli, S. & Le Pera, E., 1990. Litostratigrafia e composizione della Formazione di Pollica (Gruppo del Cilento, Appennino meridionale) [Lithostratigraphy and composition of the Pollica Formation (Cilento Group, southern Apennines)]. Bollettino della Società Geologica d’Italia 109, 511–536.
• Critelli, S. & Le Pera, E., 1994. Detrital modes and provenance of Miocene sandstones and modern sands of the Southern Apennines thrust-top basins (Italy). Journal of Sedimentary Research A64, 824–835.
• Dżułyński, S., 2001. Atlas of sedimentary structures from the Polish Flysch Carpathians. Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University (Krakow), 132 pp.
• Dżułyński, S. & Walton, E.K., 1965. Sedimentary features of flysch and greywackes. Developments in Sedimentology. Elsevier (Amsterdam), 274 pp.
• He, B., Qiao, X., Jiao, C., Xu, Z., Cai, Z., Guo, X., Zhang, Y. & Zhang, M., 2014. Palaeo-earthquake events in the late Early Palaeozoic of the central Tarim Basin: evidence from deep drilling cores. Geologos 20, 105–123.
• Hilbert-Wolf, H.L., Simpson, E.L., Simpson, W.S., Tindallw, S.E. & Wizevichz, M.C., 2009. Insights into syndepositional fault movement in a foreland basin trends in seismites of the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap Formation, Kaiparowits Basin, Utah, USA. Basin Research 21, 856–871.
• Ietto, A., Pescatore, T. & Cocco, E., 1965. Il flysch mesozoico del Cilento occidentale [The Mesozoic flysch of western Cilento]. Bollettino della Società dei Naturalisti in Napoli 74, 396–402.
• Jones, A.P. & Omoto, K., 2000. Towards establishing criteria for the identifying trigger mechanisms for soft- sediment deformation: case study of Late Pleistocene lacustrine sands and clays, Onikobe and Nakayamadaira Basins, northeastern Japan. Sedimentology 47, 1211–1226.
• Lowe, D.R., 1975. Water escape structures in coarse-grained sediments. Sedimentology 22, 157–204.
• Lowe, D.R., 1976. Subaqueous liquefied and fluidized sediment flows and their deposits. Sedimentology 23, 285–308.
• Lowe, D.R., 1982. Sediment gravity flows. II Depositional modes with special references to the deposits of high density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 52, 279–297.
• Lowe, D.R. & Lo Piccolo, R.D., 1974. The characteristics and origin of dish and pillar structures. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44, 484–501.
• Martelli, L., Nardi, G., Bravi, S., Cavuoto, G. & Toccaceli, R.M., 2005. Note illustrative della Nuova Carta geologica d’Italia alla scala 1:50.000: Foglio 503 “Vallo della Lucania” [Notes to the new Geological Map of Italy, 1:50,000, Sheet 503 ‘Vallo della Lucania’]. Presidenza del Consiglio Dei Ministri – Dipartimento per i Servizi Tecnici Nazionali – Servizio Geologico D’Italia. S.EL.CA. (Firenze), 86 pp.
• Meulenkamp, J.E. & Sissingh, W., 2003. Tertiary palaeogeography and tectonostratigraphic evolution of the northern and southern Peri-Tethys platforms and the intermediate domains of the African-Eurasian convergent plate boundary zone. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 196, 209–228.
• Moretti, M., Alfaro, P., Caselles, O. & Canas, J.A., 1999. Modelling seismites with a digital shaking tables. Tectonophysics 304, 369–383.
• Mutti, E., Davoli, G., Mora, S. & Papani, L., 1994. Internal stacking patterns of ancient turbidite systems from collisional basin. [In:] P. Weimer, A. Bouma & B.F. Perkins (Eds): Submarine fans and turbidite system. GCSSEPM Foundation 15th Annual Research Conference (December 1994, Houston, Texas), 257–268.
• Mount, J.F., 1993. Formation of fluidization pipes during liquefaction: examples from the Uratanna Formation (Lower Cambrian), South Australia. Sedimentology 40, 1027–1037.
• Nichols, R.J., Sparks, R.S.J. & Wilson, C.J.N., 1994. Experimental studies of the fluidization of layered sediments and the formation of fluid escape structures. Sedimentology 41, 233–253.
• Owen, G., 1995. Soft-sediment deformation in Upper Proterozoic Torridonian sandstones (Applecross Formation) at Torridon, Northwest Scotland. Journal of Sedimentary Research A65, 495–504.
• Owen, G., 1996. Experimental soft-sediment deformation: structures formed by the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and some ancient examples. Sedimentology 43, 279–293.
• Parise, O. & Beaudoin, B., 1986. Les filons grèseux du Numidien dans leur cadre paléomorphologique (Sicile et Tunisie). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris 304, 129–134.
• Perucca, L.P., Godoy, E. & Pantano, A., 2014. Late Pleistocene-Holocene earthquake-induced slumps and soft-sediment deformation structures in the Acequion River valley, Central Precordillera, Argentina. Geologos 20, 147–156.
• Pescatore, T., 1966. Strutture sedimentarie nel Flysch del Cilento occidentale [Sedimentary structures in the western Cilento flysch]. Geologica Romana 5, 99–116.
• Pickering, K.T., Hiscott, R.N. & Hein, F.J., 1989. Deep marine environments. Unwin Hyman (London), 416 pp.
• Russo, M., Zuppetta, A. & Guida, A., 1995. Alcune precisazioni stratigrafiche sul Flysch del Cilento (Appennino meridionale) [Some stratigraphic clarifications on the Cilento Flysch (southern Apennines)]. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana 114, 353–359.
• Sarkar, S., Choudhuri, A., Banerjee, S., Van Loon, A.J. & Bose, P.K., 2014. Seismic and non-seismic soft-sediment deformation structures in the Proterozoic Bhander Limestone, central India. Geologos 20, 89–103.
• Ślączka, A. & Thompson, S., 1981. A revision of the fluxoturbidites concept based on type examples in the Polish Carpatian Flysch. Annales de la Société géologique de Pologne 51, 3–44.
• Stow, D.A.V. & Johansson, M., 2000. Deep-water massive sands: nature, origin and hydrocarbon implications. Marine and Petroleum Geology 17, 145–174.
• Stromberg, S.G. & Bluck, B., 1998. Turbidite facies, fluid-escape structures and mechanism of emplacement of the Oligo-Miocene Aljbe Flysch, Gibraltar Arc, Betics, southern Spain. Sedimentary Geology 115, 267–288.
• Tsuji, T. & Miyata, Y., 1987. Fluidization and liquefaction of sand beds – Experimental study and examples from Nich inan Group. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 11, 791–808.
• Moretti, M. & Van Loon, A.J., 2014. Restrictions to the application of ‘diagnostic’ criteria for recognizing ancient seismites. Journal of Palaeogeography 3, 13–24.
• Tian, H.S., Zhang, B.H., Zhang, S.H. & Lü, M.Y., 2014. Neogene seismites and seismic volcanic rocks in the Linqu area , Shandong Province, E China. Geologos 20, 125–137.
• Üner, S., 2014. Seismogenic structures in Quaternary lacustrine deposits of Lake Van (eastern Turkey). Geologos 20, 79–87.
• Valente, A., 1993. Studi geologici e sedimentologici sulla successione miocenica di Monte Sacro (Flysch del Cilento, Appennino meridionale) [Geological and sedimentological studies on the Miocene succession of Monte Sacro (Cilento Flysch, southern Apennines)] Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Federico II University (Naples), 170 pp.
• Van Loon, A.J., 2014b. The Mesoproterozoic ‘seismite’ at Laiyuan (Hebei Province, E China) re-interpreted. Geologos 20, 139–146.
• Van Loon, A.J. & Pisarska-Jamroży M., 2014. Sedimentological evidence of Pleistocene earthquakes in NW Poland induced by glacio-isostatic rebound. Sedimentary Geology 300, 1–10.