Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Polish military analogue cartographic products in the light of national security and defense geoinformation requirements
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Autorzy dokonują analizy wykorzystania przez współczesne siły zbrojne analogowej i cyfrowej informacji geograficznej. Na tym tle przedstawiają analogowe opracowania kartograficzne, jakimi obecnie dysponuje Wojsko Polskie.
Today, engaging in military actions and operations in reaction to crisis requires the possession of detailed, precise, comprehensive and current information about the region. The necessity of possessing such information forced world powers and international organizations (UN, EU, NATO) to change their approach to obtaining and processing it. Satellite and aerial images became the dominant source of geographical (geospatial) data. A new intelligence method - geospatial intelligence - developed. Geospatial information is in demand not only among the military. In time, military technologies are released into civilian world. In the case of geospatial information this results in the development of geo-information web services. Military equipment, military command systems demand adequately processed geospatial information, mainly in the form of digital maps. In Poland, the first digital maps (V Map 0 and 1) were elaborated by military geographers, and the subsequent product-V Map L2 in collaboration with the civilian service. Military geography is engaged in the new international Multinational Geospatial Co-production Program. In this context, military analogue maps seem to be less and less in demand. Since World War II, global usage of paper military maps has considerably diminished (from hundreds of millions to several tens of thousands per single operation). However, this does not mean that paper maps have altogether been eliminated. All projects of digital geospatial databases provide for the existence of a 'cartographic solution', that is an automatic or partly automatic process of creating an analogue map. Since the year 2000, Military Geography has had at its disposal a full set of military analogue maps elaborated in accordance with NATO requirements and including characteristic features derived from the national experience, cartographic tradition and specific Polish needs. The main features of maps in the NATO standard are: usage of the WGS-84 coordinate system, UTM, UPS or Lambert secant conic projection, MGRS and GEOREF reference systems. Topographic and general military maps are elabora¬ted in the scale sequence of 1:25,000 to 1:1,000,000. On the basis of topographic and general maps, military special maps are elaborated (training area maps, road maps, and the like). To cater for the needs of higher command and their staff, military cartographers have elaborated a set of general geographic and political maps covering various regions of the Earth, but mainly regions of conflict (Middle East, Afghanistan, Korean Peninsula, etc.). Military aeronautical charts constitute a special group within analogue maps. Special aeronautical charts of LFC and TFC(L) series deserve special mention. They are published once a year at a specific date and updated through the ACHAD service in a 28-day cycle. The Hydrographic Office of the Polish Navy publishes nautical charts of the INT series for the region of the Baltic Sea and Baltic Straits which comply with the standards of the International Hydrographic Organization (I HO). Paper military maps are also used by civilian institutions. The potential of military geography, diminishing from year to year, may in the future inhibit keeping of such a large cartographic resource up to date. Higher engagement of civilian entities in the cartographic elaborations of Poland seems indispensible.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
218--235
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 17 poz., mapy.
Twórcy
autor
- Komorowo
autor
- Toruń
Bibliografia
- 1. Bauer R., Piotrowski A., Stępień G., 2013, Wykorzystanie wysokorozdzielczych danych obrazowych w opracowaniach kartograficznych do celów wojskowych. „Polski Przegl. Kartogr." T. 45, nr 1, s. 25-35.
- 2. Dadas T., Stępień G., 2006, Geographic Support Group w PKW Irak - Nasi znowu w Iraku. „Geodeta" nr 10 (137), s. 8-12.
- 3. Danilewicz K., Pietruszka J., Starczewski A., 2012, Polskie mapy wojskowe (przewodnik). Warszawa: Sztab Generalny WP.
- 4. Grabiec D., Kijakowski J., Pietrzak S., 2012, Wydawnictwa nautyczne. Rozdział w: Polskie mapy wojskowe (Przewodnik). Warszawa: Sztab Generalny WP, Szefostwo Geografii Wojskowej.
- 5. Kawase K., 2012, How the NGA of Japan Responded to the Great East Japan Earthquake. Nineteenth United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations, Economic and Social Council.
- 6. Kent A.J., Davies J.M., 2013, Hot geospatial intelligence from cold war: the Soviet military mapping of towns and cities. „Cartography and Geogr. Inform. Science" Vol. 40, no. 3, s. 248-253.
- 7. Lekowski M., 2011, Współczesna rewolucja w dziedzinie wojskowości. Analiza wybranych aspektów i cech charakterystycznych. „Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe" nr 19, s. 265.
- 8. Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji, 2010, Rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z 26 maja 2010 r. w sprawie rodzajów prac geodezyjnych i kartograficznych mających znaczenie dla obronności i bezpieczeństwa państwa oraz współdziałania Służby Geodezyjnej i Kartograficznej z jednostką organizacyjną Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego właściwą w sprawach geodezji i kartografii. Dz. U., 2010. Nr 109, poz. 718.
- 9. National Geospatial-lntelligence Agency, 2004, Geo-spatial Intelligence (Geolnt) Basic Doctrine. Geolnt Publication.
- 10. National Geospatial-lntelligence Agency, 2006, National System for Geospatial Intelligence. Geospatial Intelligence (GeoInt) Basic Doctrine, Publication 1-0.
- 11. National Imagery and Mapping Agency, 2002, NIMA Statement of Strategie Intent.
- 12. Pietruszka J., Sobczyński E., 2003, Mapy lotnicze (przewodnik). Warszawa: Sztab Generalny WP.
- 13. Sobczyński E., 2010, W okowach radzieckiej doktryny politycznej. Służba Topograficzna Wojska Polskiego w latach 1945-90. Dod. do „Geodeta" nr 5 (180).
- 14. Sołkiewicz H., 2008, Siły morskie w wojnach szóstej generacji. „Przegląd Morski" nr 5, s. 4-20.
- 15. Watt D., 2005, Soviet military mapping. „Sheetlines" no. 74, s. 9-12.
- 16. http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/
- 17. http://www.janes.com
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-92a70507-6b95-471c-9d1e-4f3f129cc63f