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Oszacowanie i ograniczenie ryzyka spowodowanego zanieczyszczeniem powietrza w miastach
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The increase in summer temperatures is intensifying and causing the rise of air pollution by photochemical transformation. The main source of pollution in cities are vehicles. Calculations of a convective jet from the warm surface of intersections and overpasses have been performed and the secondary formaldehyde contamination by photochemical transformations was estimated. It was shown that the non-carcinogenic risk is significantly increased with the concentration. At temperatures above 30°C, the non-carcinogenic risk is more than 10 (significant) and requires in-depth studies of the harmful influences. Carcinogenic risk ranges from the median to acceptable and requires dynamic control and in-depth studies. Reducing the risk is possible by "green" design: "green" roofs, vertical greening, facade blocks, etc. Using phytoncide plants destroys the pathogenic microflora and improves the microclimate of the premises. Proposed is an assortment of plants suitable for medical and educational buildings within a continental climate area.
Wzrost temperatur w lecie nasila się i powoduje wzrost zanieczyszczenia powietrza poprzez transformację fotochemiczną. Głównym źródłem zanieczyszczenia w miastach są pojazdy. Wykonano obliczenia strumienia konwekcyjnego z ciepłej powierzchni skrzyżowań i wiaduktów oraz oszacowano wtórne zanieczyszczenie formaldehydem przez transformacje fotochemiczne. W temperaturach powyżej 30°C ryzyko nierakotwórcze wynosi więcej niż 10 (znaczące) i wymaga dogłębnych badań dotyczących szkodliwości. Ryzyko rakotwórczości waha się od mediany do akceptowalnej i wymaga systematycznej kontroli i dogłębnych badań. Zmniejszenie ryzyka jest możliwe dzięki „zielonemu” projektowi: „zielone” dachy, pionowe zazielenienie, bloki elewacyjne itp. Zastosowanie roślin fitonitowych niszczy patogenną mikroflorę i poprawia mikroklimat przedwczesnych zmian. W artykule zaproponowano gatunki roślin odpowiednich do budynków medycznych i edukacyjnych w strefie klimatu kontynentalnego.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
17--25
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
autor
- Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
autor
- Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
autor
- Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Bibliografia
- 1.Baklanov, A. (2012) Megacities: Urban Environment, Air Pollution, Climate Change and Human Health Interactions. In: Fernando H., Klaić Z. & McCulley J. (eds). National Security and Human Health Implications of Climate Change. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2430-3_10.
- 2.Cassiani, M., Stohl A. & Eckhard S. (2013) The dispersion characteristics of air pollution from the world’s megacities Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9975-9996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9975-2013.
- 3.City gardening in Sankt-Petersburg (2000) Food and Nutrition Policy Division of the WHO Regional Office for Europe.
- 4.Gorokhov, V.A. (1991) Urban Green Building. Moscow, Stroizdat.
- 5.Hallquist, M., Wenger, J.C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N.M., George, C., Goldstein, A.H., Hamilton, J.F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M.E., Jimenez, J.L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th.F., Monod, A., Prevot, A.S.H., Seinfeld, J.H., Surratt, J.D., Szmigielski, R. & Wildt, J. (2009) The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155-5236. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009.
- 6.Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J.L., Madronich, S., Aiken, A.C., Bessagnet, B., Curci, G., Fast, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Onasch, T.B., Roux, G., Schauer, J.J., Stone, E.A. & Ulbrich, I.M. (2009) Modeling organic aerosols during MILAGRO: importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosols. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6949-6981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6949-2009.
- 7.Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J.L., Madronich, S., Canagaratna, M.R., DeCarlo, P.F., Kleinman, L. & Fast, J. (2010) Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: potential contribution of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility primary organic compounds to secondary organic aerosol formation. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5491-5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5491-2010.
- 8.Kleinman, L.I., Springston, S.R., Daum, P.H., Lee, Y.-N., Nunnermacker, L.J., Senum, G.I., Wang, J., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., Alexander, M.L., Hubbe, J., Ortega, J., Canagaratna, M.R. & Jayne, J. (2008) The time evolution of aerosol composition over the Mexico City plateau. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1559-1575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1559-2008.
- 9.Marlier, M.E., Jina, A.S., Kinney, P.L. & DeFries R.S. (2016) Extreme air pollution in global megacities. Curr Clim Change Rep., 2, 15-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-016-0032-z.
- 10.Mashynskyi, V.L., Sudenkova, N.A., Voronin, A.M. & Tsikanovskyi, E.Yu. (2001) Manual on Gardening and Landscaping the Exploited Roofs of Residential and Public Buildings, Underground and Semiunderground Garages, Civil Defense and Other Structures. Moscow, Moskomarkhitektura.
- 11.MR 2.2.12-142-2007. Guidelines Risk assessment for public health from atmospheric air pollution (2007) Approved. By order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, April 13, 2007 No. 184. Kyiv. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0184282-07.
- 12.Regional report on the state of the environment in Kyiv in 2016 (2017). Kyiv, Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the KSCA.
- 13.Sipakov, R.V., Voloshkina, O.S., Bereznytska, Yu.O. & Klimova, I.V. (2018) Assessment of public health risks from road transport emissions in Kyiv. Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources, 1(17).
- 14.Sokol, A., Lebedev, N. & Cherniavskii, V. (2000) Gardening in a City. Kyiv, Tasis-Bistro.
- 15.Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M. & Miller, H.L. (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge-New York, Cambridge University Press.
- 16.Tkachenko, T. (2018a) Creation of energy efficient «green construction» in conditions of moderately continental climate. Environmental Safety and Natural Resources, 2(26).
- 17.Tkachenko, T. (2018b) Mathematical model of extensive green roof with a steep type of phytocenosis. Environmental Safety and Natural Resources, 1(25).
- 18.Tumanov, I.I. (ed.) (1967) Methods for Determining the Frost Resistance of Plants. Moscow, Nauka.
- 19.Voloshkina, O.S., Trofimovich, V.V., Klimova, I.V., Sipakov, R.V. & Tkachenko, T.M. (2018) Convective model of emission distribution on the road overpass under neutral weather conditions. Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply, 27, 23-33.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-92257419-bd78-4ce0-ac3b-9762abbf50b6