Determination of EVA Cross-Linking Degree after Lamination Process by Extraction and Optical Transmission Measuring

• Autorzy: Gawlińska K. , Drabczyk K. , Starowicz Z. , Sobik P. , Drabczyk B. , Zięba P.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/122411

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is widely used for solar modules encapsulation. During lamination process EVA melts and chemical bonds between polymer chains are created. Its number is tightly related to cross-linking degree and it is consider as a major quality reference for module encapsulation. The lamination can be described as a process with two stages: melting and curing where the typical temperature for curing is in the range from 145 to 175°C. In the present study, for the first time, comparison of three commercial available EVA foils with low curing temperature EVA (EVA LOW). For this reason, the temperature of following lamination processes was set from a range from 115 to 175°C. The behavior of cured EVA films under investigation EVA was determined with two approaches: with extraction and with optical methods. The results indicate the applicability of these methods for the EVA cross-linking characterization. Finally, the extraordinary behavior of EVA LOW foil was noticed.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

photovoltaics; silicon solar cells; lamination; gel content test; cross-linking degree

• Wydawca: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences ; Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 63, iss. 2
• Strony: 833--838
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 11 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Gawlińska K.

• Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland

autor

Drabczyk K.

• Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland

autor

Starowicz Z.

• Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland

autor

Sobik P.

• Helioenergia Sp. z o.o., 68 Rybnicka Str, 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland

autor

Drabczyk B.

• Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland

autor

Zięba P.

• Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] G. Oreski, G. M. Wallner, Evaluation of the aging behavior of ethylene copolymer films for solar applications under accelerated weathering conditions, Sol. Energy 83, 1040-1047 (2009).
• [2] A. W. Czanderna, F. J. Pern, Encapsulation of PV Modules using Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer as a Pottant: A Critical Review, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 43, 101-181 (1996).
• [3] H-Yu Li, L. E. Perret-Aebi, R. Théron, Ch. Ballif, Y. Luo, R. F. M. Lange, Optical transmission as a fast and non-destructive tool for determination of ethylene-co-vinyl acetate curing state in photovoltaic modules, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 21, 187-194, (2013).
• [4] H-Yu Li, L. E. Perret-Aebi, R. Théron, Ch. Ballif, Y. Luo, R. F. M. Lange, Towards in-line determination of EVA Gel Content during PV modules Lamination Processes, Proceedings of the 25th EU PVSC Conference, 4044-4046, (2010).
• [5] M. Jaunich, M. Bohning, U. Braun, G. Teteris, W. Stark, Investigation of the curing state of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) for photovoltaic application by gel content determination, rheology, DSC and FTIR, Polymer Testing, 52, 133-140 (2016).
• [6] Ch. Hirschl, L. Neumaier, S. Puchberger, W. Mühleisen, G. Oreski, G. C. Eder, R. Frank, M. Tranitz, M. Schoppa, M. Wendt, N. Bogdanski, A. Plösch , M. Kraft, Determination of the degree of ethylene vinyl acetate crosslinking via Soxhlet extraction: gold standard or pitfall? Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 143, 494-502 (2015).
• [7] H-Yu Li, Y. Luo, Ch. Ballif, L. E. Perret-Aebi, Fast and Nondestructive Detection on the EVA Gel Content in Photovoltaic Modules by Optical Reflection, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 5, 759-765 (2015).
• [8] Ch. Hirschl, L. Neumaier, W. Mühleisen, M. Zauner, G. Oreski, G. C. Eder, S. Seufzer, Ch. Berge, E. Rüland, M. Kraft, In-line determination of the degree of crosslinking of ethylene vinyl acetate in PV modules by Raman pectroscopy, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 152, 10-20 (2016).
• [9] M. Entezama, M. K. Razavi Aghjehb, M. Ghaffari, Electron beam irradiation induced compatibilization of immiscible polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate (PE/EVA) blends: Mechanical properties and morphology stability, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 131, 22-27 (2017).
• [10] K. Drabczyk, P. Panek, A comparative study of EVA with and without thermal history for different lamination process parameters, Materials Science and Engineering B-Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials 177, 1378-1383 (2012).
• [11] K. Drabczyk, G. Kulesza-Matlak, A. Drygała, M. Szindler, M. Lipinski, Electroluminescence imaging for determining the influence of metallization parameters for solar cell metal contacts, Solar Energy 126, 14-21 (2016).

Uwagi

EN

1. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from The National Centre for Research and Development and The National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management under project: “Innovative flexible photovoltaic cover”, No. GEKON2/O4/268473/23/2016.

PL

2. Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).