Application of 3-D Velocity Measurement of Vessel by VI-GPS for STS Lightering

• Autorzy: Yoo Y. , Pedersen E. , Tatsumi K. , Kouguchi N. , Arai Y.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A lightering operation is a type of Ship-To-Ship (STS) operation where two ships are together in open waters and transfer the cargo e.g. crude oil, LNG. High skills and experience are required by the human operators as no relevant equipment for determining the relative speeds and distances with sufficient accuracies has been implemented. The officer in charge of an STS lightering takes the decision on adequate maneuvering orders based on predominantly visual observations during the final approach. Landing on all fenders simultaneously is an objective in order to minimize ship-fender contact forces, but this is rather difficult to achieve in practice even in calm sea due to the effect of hydrodynamic interaction when the ships are closing in. Furthermore, currents that are present in the lightering zone add to the operational complexity. A field measurement experiment has been carried out with a Velocity Information GPS (VI-GPS) system installed onboard a ferry approaching port for berthing which is similar to an STS lightering. The paper proposes to apply VI-GPS as input sensor to a decision-support and guidance system aiming to provide accurate velocity information to the officer in charge of an STS operation. It is argued that DOP of VI-GPS is related to the velocity error.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS); Global Positioning System GPS; Vessel Velocity; STS Lightering; 3D Velocity Measurement; Ship-to-Ship (STS) Operation; Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG); Kinematic GPS (KGPS)

• Wydawca: Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University
• Czasopismo: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: Vol. 3, no. 1
• Strony: 43--48
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 5 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Yoo Y.

• Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

autor

Pedersen E.

• Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

autor

Tatsumi K.

• Hiroshima National College of Maritime Technology, Hiroshima, Japan

autor

Kouguchi N.

• Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

autor

Arai Y.

• Marine Technical College, Ashiya, Japan

Bibliografia

• 1 Hoffmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H. and Collins, J. 2004. Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice, New York: Springer-Verlag Wein.
• 2 Hou, D., Yoo, Y., Kouguchi, N., Ishida, H., Fujii, H. and Itani, K. 2005. Experimental Results of Comparison between Ve-locity Integration and OTF Position on the Sea, Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting (ION NTM 2005), San Diego, 24-26 January 2005.
• 3 ICS & OCIMF, 2005. Ship to Ship Transfer Guide (Petrole-um), International Chamber of Shipping & Oil Companies International Marine Forum, London: Witherbys.
• 4 Pedersen, E., Shimizu, E. and Berg, T.E. 2008. Navigational Challenges for Ships Operating in Close Proximity, Interna-tional Conference on Safety and Operations in Canals and Waterways (SOCW 2008), Glasgow, 15-16 September 2008.
• 5 Tatsumi, K., Kouguchi, N., Yoo, Y., Kubota, T. and Arai, Y. 2008. Precise 3-D Vessel Velocity Measurement for Dock-ing and Anchoring, International Offshore and Polar Engi-neering Conference (ISOPE 2008), Vancouver, 6-11 July 2008