Propaganda ateńska i antyateńska w przededniu wojny peloponeskiej

• Autorzy: Podemski P.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Athenian and anti-Athenian propaganda before the Peloponnesian Wars

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The propaganda battle between the Greeks before the Peloponnesian Wars that can be recreated thanks to the work of Thucydides had a solemn and harsh character as Athens and Sparta constituted two entirely different models of Greek polis. The aim of both sides was to prove their rights in questionable matters and propagate the conviction of their own superiority over the opponent. Propaganda was both to strengthen their own position and weaken the adversaries. Therefore it was addressed both to friends and to enemies as well. Its tool, obvious in Greek conditions, was a spoken word. The anti-Athens (Peloponnesian) side took over the initiative at the very beginning. The Corinthians charged the Athens with the tendency to subordinate the whole Greece and accused them of oppressing poleis subordinated to them in the Sea Union. Athenian democracy was ridiculed as a system of mob government leading to the state degeneration. The Peloponnesians trusted in their own ethnic superiority over the Athenians - the superiority of the Dorics over the Ionics. Finally religious arguments were used, reminding of famous Alchmeonids’ crime and spreading favourable Delphic oracle. In these circumstances the Athenian propaganda took defensive shape trying to justify its own actions and deter the enemy not to take war actions. The Athenians claimed that they deserve to govern Ionia as a reward for their services during the wars against Persia. They praised democracy as the majority rule. The rejected accusations of effeminacy, claiming that, although they are not professional warriors as the Spartans, they could oppose them with their inborn bravery and fleet. Arguments voiced in defence of the Sea Union institution sounded so unconvincing then that Thucydides passed them over in silence. The Athenians raised also the issue of the profanation of the Temple of Athena by the Spartans. Athenian propaganda only created a response to the rival accusations, an answer that could convince nobody except the Athenians themselves. The opposite side won the propaganda battle, as well as the wars. The Spartans and their allies set out to fight to “free Hellada”.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

wojna peloponeska; propaganda; historia Grecji; starożytność

EN

Peloponnesian Wars; propaganda; Greek history; antiquity

• Wydawca: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe AON
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: nr 2(47)
• Strony: 416--436
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 8 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Podemski P.

Bibliografia

• I. ŹRÓDŁA:
• 1. Plutarch, Żywot Peryklesa [w:] Żywoty sławnych mężów (tłum. M. Brożek), Wrocław 1955.
• 2. Pseudo-Ksenofont, Ustrój polityczny Aten (tłum. M. Borowska i K. Holzmoun) [w:] Chankowski A. (red.), Wybór źródeł do historii starożytnej, Warszawa 1995.
• 3. Tukidydes, Wojna peloponeska (tłum. K. Kumaniecki), Warszawa 1957.
• II. OPRACOWANIA:
• 1. Alty J., Dorians and lonians, ,,Journal of Hellenic Studies", CII, London 1982, ss. 1-14.
• 2. Dobek-Ostrowska B., Fras J., Ociepka B., Teoria i praktyka propagandy, Wrocław 1997.
• 3. Gabba E. , La societa' ateniese nel «Vecchio Oligarca», ,,Athenaeum", LXVI Pavia 1988, ss. 5-10.
• 4. Kulesza R., Ateny-Sparta 431-404 p.n.e. Wojna peloponeska, Warszawa 1997.
• 5. Meiggs R., The Athenian Empire, Oxford 1972.

Uwagi

Dwa liczbowania bibliografii.