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Physiological Evaluation of Chemical Protective Suit Systems (CPSS) in Hot Conditions

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This job-related experiment investigated physiological strain in subjects wearing impermeable chemical protective suit systems (CPSSs) weighing about 28 kg. Two types of CPSSs were studied: the self-contained breathing apparatus was carried either inside or outside the suit. Eight healthy and physically fit male firefighter instructors aged 32 to 45 years volunteered for the study. The test drill, performed at a dry, windless ta of 40 °C, was divided into 2 consecutive work sessions of 14.5 min (a 20-min rest between) including typical operational work tasks. Considerable thermal and maximal cardiovascular strain and intense subjective discomfort measured in the firefighters emphasize the need to limit working time in hot conditions to only 10-12 min while wearing CPSSs. The present results indicate that the exceptionally heavy physical load and psychological stress during operations in chemical emergencies must be considered in the assessment of the cardiovascular capacity of ageing firefighters using CPSSs.
Rocznik
Strony
215--226
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
autor
  • Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  • Finnish Emergency Services College, Kuopio, Finland
autor
  • Finnish Emergency Services College, Kuopio, Finland
Bibliografia
  • 1. Ilmarinen R, Koivistoinen K. Heart rate and thermal responses in prolonged job-related firefighting drills. In: Hodgdon JA, Heaney JH, Buono MJ, editors. International Ergonomics VIII. International Series on Environmental Ergonomics. San Diego, CA, USA; International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics; 1998. vol. 1, p. 103-6.
  • 2. Ilmarinen R, Louhevaara V, Griefahn B, Künemund C. Thermal and cardiac strain in strenuous fire-fighting and rescue tasks in the extreme heat. In: Nielsen Johannsen B, Nielsen R, editors. Thermal Physiology. Proceedings from the 1997 Symposium of Thermal Physiology. Copenhagen, Denmark: August Krogh Institute; 1997. p. 127-30.
  • 3. Ilmarinen R, Louhevaara V, Griefahn B, Künemund C. Thermal responses to consecutive strenuous fire-fighting and rescue tasks in the heat. In: Shapiro Y, Moran DS, Epstein Y, editors. Environmental physiology - recent progress and new frontiers. London, UK, and Tel Aviv, Israel: Freund Publishing House; 1997. p. 295-8.
  • 4. Mäkinen H, Ilmarinen R, Griefahn B, Künemund C. Physiological comparison of fire fighter turnout suits with and without a microporous membrane in the heat. In: Johnson JS, Mansdorf SZ, editors. Performance of Protective Clothing, Fifth Volume (ASTM STP 1237). West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM); 1996. p. 396-407.
  • 5. Selkirk GA, McLellan TM. Physical work limits for Toronto firefighters in warm environments. J Occup Environ Hyg 2004;1:199-212.
  • 6. McLellan TM, Jacobs I, Bain JB. Influence of temperature and metabolic rate on work performance with Canadian Forces NBC clothing. Aviat Space Environ Med 1993;64:587-94.
  • 7. McLellan TM. Work performance at 40 °C with Canadian Forces biological and chemical protective clothing. Aviat Space Environ Med 1993;64:1094-100.
  • 8. Carter BJ, Cammermyer M. Emergence of real casualities during simulated chemical warfare training under heat conditions. Milit Med 1985;150:657-65.
  • 9. McLellan TM. Tolerance times for continuous work tasks while wearing NBC protective clothing in warm and hot environments and the stragedy of implementing rest chedules (DCIEM No. 94.62). Toronto, Ont., Canada: Defence and Civil Institue of Environmental Medicine (DCIEM); 1994.
  • 10. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Hot environments - estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature) (Standard No. ISO 7243:1982). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 1982.
  • 11. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Ergonomics of the thermal environment - analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain (Standard No. ISO/CD 7933:2001). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 2001.
  • 12. Smolander J, Ilmarinen R, Korhonen O, Pyykkö I. Circulatory and thermal responses of men with different training status to prolonged physical work in dry and humid heat. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987;13:37-46.
  • 13. Ilmarinen R, Lindholm H, Koivistoinen K, Helisten P. Physiological strain and wear comfort while wearing a chemical protective suit with breathing apparatus inside and outside the suit in summer and in winter. In: Kuklane K, Holmer I, editors. Ergonomics of protective clothing. Proceedings of NOKOBETEF 6 and 1st European Conference on Protective Clothing (Arbete och Hälsa No. 2000:8). Stockholm, Sweden: National Institute for Working Life. p. 235-8.
  • 14. Louhevaara V, Soukainen J, Lusa S, Tulppo M, Tuomi P, Kajaste T. Development and evaluation of a test drill for assessing physical work capacity of fire fighters. Int J Ind Erg 1994;13:139-46.
  • 15. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Protective clothing against liquid and gaseous chemicals, including liquid aerosols and solid particles - part 1: performance requirements for “gas-tight” (Type 1) and “non-gas-tight” (Type 2) chemical protective suits for emergency teams (ET). (Standard No. EN 943-1:2002). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2002.
  • 16. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Evaluation of thermal strain by physiological measurements (Standard No. ISO 9886:1992). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 1992.
  • 17. Borg G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1970;2:92-8.
  • 18. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Ergonomic of thermal environment - asessment of the influence of the thermal environment using subjective judgement scales (Standard No. ISO 10551:1995). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 1995.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-91413635-93a1-41a6-9de6-e443771f0af1
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