Role of riverine inputs, low saline plume advection and mesoscale physical processes in structuring the Chlorophyll a distribution in the western Bay of Bengal during Fall Inter Monsoon

• Autorzy: Loganathan Jagadeesan , Narasimha Rao Darapu , Joseph Ignatious , Parambil AswinDev Meleth , Rachuri Vivek , Swarnaprava Behera , Kalathil Balachandran Kizhakkepat

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1016/j.oceano.2021.04.004

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study delineates the role of small and medium river inputs, Low Saline Plume Advection (LSPA) and eddies in hydrography alteration and Chlorophyll a (Chl. a) in the Western Bay of Bengal. Samples were collected across five transects viz: Hooghly (HO), Mahanadi (MN), Rushikulya (RK), Visakhapatnam (VSKP) and Godavari (GD) during Fall Intermonsoon. Each transect consists of 7 or 8 locations from inshore to offshore. LSPA propagates southward concordance with the East India Coastal Current (EICC) and its southward flow strengthened by a cold-core eddy. LSPA results in the intermittent low salinity in the cross-shore section of HO, MN and RK. Upper layer Chl. a is 2-3 folds higher in inshore and in LSP-influenced locations than in its adjacent stations. The present study identified Double Chlorophyll a Maxima (DoCM) in LSPA-influenced slope regions of MN and RK. DoCM is less known in the BoB. DoCM has both the Surface Chl. a Maxima (SCM) and Subsurface Chl. a Maxima (SSCM). SSCM layer is relatively shallow and intense in slope and offshore regions of MN and RK due to their closeness with cold-core eddy. The present study highlights that freshwater discharge from small and medium rivers impacts hydrobiology around 10-50 km from the shore depends on the magnitude of river influx. LSPA is away from the local inputs and impacts hydrobiology (>500 km) along the path. EICC and eddies together regulated the direction of LSPA. Existing eddies nature alters vertical hydrobiology in slope and offshore regions.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

river influx; low saline plume advection; mesoscale eddy; chlorophyll a; double chlorophyll maxima; Bay of Bengal

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology ; Elsevier
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: No. 63 (4)
• Strony: 403--419
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 49 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Loganathan Jagadeesan

• CSIR — National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India

autor

Narasimha Rao Darapu

• CSIR — National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India

autor

Joseph Ignatious

• School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, India

autor

Parambil AswinDev Meleth

• School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, India

autor

Rachuri Vivek

• CSIR — National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India

autor

Swarnaprava Behera

• CSIR — National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India

autor

Kalathil Balachandran Kizhakkepat

• CSIR — National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India

Bibliografia

• [1] Amol, P., Vinayachandran, P. N., Shankar, D., Thushara, V., Vijith, V., Chatterjee, A., Kankonkar, A., 2019. Effect of freshwater advection and winds on the vertical structure of Chlorophyll in the northern Bay of Bengal. Deep Sea Res. Pt. II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 104622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.07.010.
• [2] Antia, N. J., Harrison, P. J., Oliveira, L., 1991. The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition, cell biology and ecology. Phycologia 30, 1-89. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-30-1-1.1.
• [3] Baliarsingh, S. K., Lotliker, A. A., Sahu, K. C., Sinivasa Kumar, T., 2015. Spatio-temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a in relation to physico-chemical parameters in coastal waters of the northwestern Bay of Bengal. Environ. Monit. Assess. 187, art. 481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4660-x.
• [4] Baliarsingh, S. K., Srichandan, S., Lotliker, A. A., Sahu, KC, Srinivasa Kumar, T., 2016. Phytoplankton community structure in local water types at a coastal site in northwestern Bay of Bengal. Environ. Monit. Assess. 188, art. 427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5424-y.
• [5] Bharathi, M. D., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Ramaneswari, K., Venkataramana, V., 2018. Influence of river discharge on abundance and composition of phytoplankton in the western coastal Bay of Bengal during peak discharge period. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 133, 671-683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.032.
• [6] Chaitanya, A. V. S., Lengaigne, M., Vialard, J., Gopalakrishna, V. V., Durand, F., Kranthikumar, C., Amritash, S., Suneel, V., Papa, F., Ravichandran, M., 2014. Salinity Measurements Collected by Fishermen Reveal a “River in the Sea” Flowing Along the Eastern Coast of India. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 95, 1897-1908.
• [7] Choudhury, A. K., Pal, R., 2011. Variations in seasonal phytoplankton assemblages as a response to environmental changes in the surface waters of a hypo saline coastal station along the Bhagirathi — Hooghly estuary. Environ. Monit. Assess. 179, 531-553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1761-4.
• [8] Dyson, N., Jitts, H. R., Scott, B. D., 1965. Techniques for measuring oceanic primary production using radioactive carbon. Tech. Pap. 18. Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, CSIRO, Melbourne.
• [9] Fernandes, V., Ramaiah, N., 2009. Mesozooplankton community in the Bay of Bengal (India): spatial variability during the summer monsoon. Aquatic Ecol. 43, 951-963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-008-9209-4.
• [10] Gomes, H. R., Goes, J. I., Saino, T., 2000. Influence of physical processes and freshwater discharge on the seasonality of phytoplankton regime in the Bay of Bengal. Cont. Shelf Res. 20, 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(99)00072-2.
• [11] Gopalakrishna, V. V., Murty, V. S. N., Sengupta, D., Shenoy, S., Araligidad, N., 2002. Upper ocean stratification and circulation in the northern Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon of 1991. Cont. Shelf Res. 22, 791-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00084-X.
• [12] Grasshoff, K., 1983. Methods of Seawater Analysis. Weinheim, Verlag Chemie.
• [13] Jagadeesan, L., Kumar, G. S., Rao, D. N., babu, N. S., Srinivas, T. N. R., 2019. Role of eddies in structuring the mesozooplankton composition in coastal waters of the western Bay of Bengal. Ecol. Indi. 105, 137-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.05.068.
• [14] Jyothibabu, R., Arunpandi, N., Jagadeesan, L., Karnan, C., Lallu, K. R., Vinayachandran, P. N., 2018. Response of phytoplankton to heavy cloud cover and turbidity in the northern Bay of. Bengal. Sci. Rep. 8, 11282. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29586-1.
• [15] Jyothibabu, R., Madhu, N. V., Maheswaran, P. A., Jayalakshmy, K. V., Nair, K. K. C., Achuthankutty, C. T., 2008. Seasonal variation of microzooplankton (20-200 μm) and its possible implications on the vertical carbon flux in the western Bay of Bengal. Cont. Shelf Res. 28, 737-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.12.011.
• [16] Jyothibabu, R., Vinayachandran, P. N., Madhu, N. V., Robin, R. S., Karnan, C., Jagadeesan, L., Anjusha, A., 2015. Phytoplankton size structure in the southern Bay of Bengal modified by the Summer Monsoon Current and associated eddies: Implications on the vertical biogenic flux. J. Mar. Sys. 143, 98-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.10.018.
• [17] Krishna, M. S., Prasad, M. H. K., Rao, D. B., Viswanadham, R., Sarma, VVSS, Reddy, N. P. C., 2016. Export of dissolved inorganic nutrients to the northern Indian Ocean from the Indian monsoonal rivers during discharge period. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 172, 430-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.013.
• [18] Kusum, K. K., Vineetha, G., Raveendran, T. V., Muraleedharan, K. R., Habeebrehman, H., Philson, K. P., Achuthankutty, C. T., 2018. River plume fronts and their implications for the biological production of the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 597, 79-98. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12607.
• [19] Leps, J., Smilauer, P. S., 2003. Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCA. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
• [20] Letscher, R. T., Hansell, D. A., Carlson, C. A., Lumpkin, R., Knapp, A. N., 2013. Dissolved organic nitrogen in the global surface ocean: Distribution and fate. Global Biogeochem. Cy. 27, 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004449.
• [21] Madhu, N. V., Jyothibabu, R., Maheswaran, P. A., John Gerson, V., Gopalakrishnan, T. C., Nair, K. K. C., 2006. Lack of seasonality in phytoplankton standing stock (Chlorophyll a) and production in the western Bay of Bengal. Cont. Shelf Res. 26, 1868-1883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.06.004.
• [22] Madhupratap, M., Gauns, M., Ramaiah, N., Prasanna Kumar, S., Muraleedharan, P. M., de Sousa, S. N., Sardessai, S., Muraleedharan, U., 2003. Biogeochemistry of the Bay of Bengal: physical, chemical and primary productivity characteristics of the central and western Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon 2001. Deep Sea Res. Pt. II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 50, 881-896. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00611-2.
• [23] Mahadevan, A., D’Asaro, E., Lee, C., Perry, M. J., 2012. Eddy-Driven Stratification Initiates North Atlantic Spring Phytoplankton Blooms. Science 337, 54-58.
• [24] Moschonas, G., Gowen, R. J., Paterson, R. F., Mitchell, E., Stewart, B. M., McNeill, S., Glibert, P. M., Davidson, K., 2017. Nitrogen dynamics and phytoplankton community structure: the role of organic nutrients. Biogeochemistry 134, 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0351-8.
• [25] Muraleedharan, K. R., Jasmine, P., Achuthankutty, C. T., Revichandran, C., Dinesh Kumar, P. K., Anand, P., Rejomon, G., 2007. Influence of basin-scale and mesoscale physical processes on biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon. Prog. Oceanogr. 72, 364-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2006.09.012.
• [26] Murty, V. S. N., Sarma, Y. V. B., Rao, D. B., Murty, C. S., 1992. Water characteristics, mixing and circulation in the Bay of Bengal during the Souhwest Monsoon period. J. Mar. Res. 50, 207-228.
• [27] Naik, S., Mishra, R. K., Panda, U. S., Mishra, P., Panigrahy, R. C., 2020. Phytoplankton Community Response to Environmental Changes in Mahanadi Estuary and Its Adjoining Coastal Waters of Bay of Bengal: a Multivariate and Remote Sensing Approach. Remote Sens. Earth Sys. Sci. 3, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-020-00036-9.
• [28] Paul, J. T., Ramaiah, N., Sardessai, S., 2008. Nutrient regimes and their effect on distribution of phytoplankton in the Bay of Bengal. Mar. Environ. Res. 66, 337-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.05.007ff.
• [29] Prasad, 2014. Variability of dissolved organic matter in the Godavari estuary and western coastal Bay of Bengal: Influence of river discharge Ph.D. Thesis. Andhra University, India.
• [30] Prasanna Kumar, S., Muraleedharan, P. M., Prasad, T. G., Gauns, M., Ramaiah, N., de Souza, S. N., Sardesai, S., Madhupratap, M., 2002. Why is the Bay of Bengal less productive during summer monsoon compared to the Arabian Sea? Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 88-81-88-84. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016013.
• [31] Prasanna Kumar, S., Nuncio, M., Narvekar, J., Kumar, A., Sardesai, S., De Souza, S. N., Gauns, M., Ramaiah, N., Madhupratap, M., 2004. Are eddies nature’s trigger to enhance biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal? Geophys. Res. Lett. 31. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019274.
• [32] Prasanna Kumar, S., Nuncio, M., Ramaiah, N., Sardesai, S., Narvekar, J., Fernandes, V., Paul, J. T., 2007. Eddy-mediated biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal during fall and spring intermonsoons. Deep Sea Res. Pt. I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 54, 1619-1640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.06.002.
• [33] Rao, R. R., Sivakumar, R., 2003. Seasonal variability of sea surface salinity and salt budget of the mixed layer of the north Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans. 108, 9-1-9-14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC000907.
• [34] Sarma, V. V., Aswanikumar, V., 1991. Subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the northwestern Bay of Bengal. J. Plankton Res. 13, 339-352.
• [35] Sarma, V. V. S. S., Jagadeesan, L., Dalabehera, H. B., Rao, D. N., Kumar, G. S., Durgadevi, D. S., 2018. Role of eddies on intensity of oxygen minimum zone in the Bay of Bengal. Cont. Shelf Res. 168, 48-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.09.008.
• [36] Sarma, V. V. S. S., Krishna, M. S., Rao, V. D., Viswanadham, R., Kumar, N. A., Kumari, T. R., Gawade, L., Ghatkar, S., Tari, A., 2012. Sources and sinks of CO2 in the west coast of Bay of Bengal. Tellus B Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 64, 10961. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.10961.
• [37] Sarma, V. V. S. S., Krishna, M. S., Viswanadham, R., Rao, G. D., Rao, V. D., Sridevi, B., Kumar, B. S. K., Prasad, V. R., Subbaiah, C. V., Acharyya, T., Bandopadhyay, D., 2013. Intensified oxygen minimum zone on the western shelf of Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon: influence of river discharge. J. Oceanogr. 69, 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-012-0156-2.
• [38] Sarma, VVSS, Rao, D. N., Rajula, G. R., Dalabehera, H. B., Yadav, K., 2019. Organic Nutrients Support High Primary Production in the Bay of Bengal. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 6706-6715. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082262.
• [39] Shankar, D., Vinayachandran, P. N., Unnikrishnan, AS, 2002. The monsoon currents in the north Indian Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 52, 63-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00024-1.
• [40] Shenoy, S. S. C., 2010. Intra-seasonal variability of the coastal currents around India: A review of the evidences from new observations. Indian J. Geo-Mar. Sci. 39, 489-496.
• [41] Shetye, S. R., 1993. The movement and implications of the Ganges-Bramhaputra runoff on entering the Bay of Bengal. Curr. Sci. 64, 32-38.
• [42] Shetye, S. R., Gouveia, A. D., Shankar, D., Shenoi, S. S. C., Vinayachandran, P. N., Sundar, D., Michael, G. S., Nampoothiri, G., 1996. Hydrography and circulation in the western Bay of Bengal during the northeast monsoon. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans. 101, 14011-14025. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC03307.
• [43] Shetye, S. R., Shenoi, S. S. C., Gouveia, A. D., Michael, G. S., Sundar, D., Nampoothiri, G., 1991. Wind-driven coastal upwelling along the western boundary of the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon. Cont. Shelf Res. 11, 1397-1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(91)90042-5.
• [44] Subramanian, V., 1993. Sediment load of Indian Rivers. Curr. Sci. 64, 928-930.
• [45] UNESCO, 1994. Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux studies (JGFOS). Core measuremens, IOC Manual and Guides. UNESCO, Paris.
• [46] Varkey, M. J., Murty, V. S. N., Suryanarayana, A., 1996. Physical oceanography of the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. — Annual Rev. 34, 1-70.
• [47] Vinayachandran, P. N., Kurian, J., 2007. Hydrographic observations and model simulation of the Bay of Bengal freshwater plume. Deep Sea Res. Pt. I - Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 54, 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.01.007.
• [48] Vinayachandran, P. N., Murty, V. S. N., Ramesh Babu, V., 2002. Observations of barrier layer formation in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 107 C (12), 8018. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC000831.
• [49] Zar, J. H., 1999. Biostatistical analysis, 4th edn. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).